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HISTORIC 
TRENTON 

Compiled by LOUISE HEWITT 




The Smith Press 

Trenton, New Jersey 

1916 







E PARVES GRANDES. 






£ 



"Oh ! make Thou us through centuries long 

In peace secure, in Justice strong ; 
Around our gift of freedom draw 

The safeguards of Thy righteous law. 
And cut in some diviner mould 

Let the new Cycle shame the old." 

— Whit tier. 



DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF 

Wxxxxm Mtk&mx 

WHO ACTED AS GUIDE TO GEN. 
WASHINGTON AND HIS ARMY, THE 
NIGHT BEFORE THE BATTLE OF 
PRINCETON, AND TO 

Hary iagiunrtljy 

WHO WAS VERY PATRIOTIC AND 
WHO WAS ACTIVE IN CARING FOR 
THE SICK AND WOUNDED SOLDIERS 



ijlrefare 



TRENTON has always been an important spot in our 
country's history and growth. The result of the Battle of 
Trenton was the turning point of the Revolutionary War. 
A great many of the old landmarks have gone, but a few still 
remain. This little book is merely to tell in a brief way where 
these landmarks are, or where they once stood, and of the prin- 
cipal historic facts connected with the old town. 

The information here gathered has been taken from the best 
authorities, and it is hoped that it will prove of benefit and pleasure 
to any who may care to read it. The City is growing rapidly, and 
in time these historic places might be forgotten. 

It is true that many of them are mentioned in the histories of 
the town, but it seems well to have them in a more compact form 
for the convenience of the reader and of the sight-seer. 



(Uljnmnlogij 



680 — Mahlon Stacy arrived. 

685 — Trenton was called Ye Falles of Ye De La Ware. 

712 — First Presbyterian Church built. 

712 — William Yard purchased property here. 

714 — William Trent purchased property here. 

719, — Trenton supposed to have received its name. 

719, — The Courts were first held in Trenton. 

724 — William Trent came to Ye Falles of Ye De La Ware. 

724 — Trenton became the seat of the Supreme Court. 

726 — First Presbyterian Church built. 

734 — A Postal Service was established. 

738 — First Stage Wagon ran twice a week from Trenton to New 

Brunswick. 
739 — Friends' Meeting House on Hanover Street built. 
746 — A Royal Charter was granted for a Borough by King 

George II. 
750 — First Steel Mill in the United States erected and owned by 

Benjamin Yard. 
751 — St. Michael's Church built. 
759 — Barracks built, commenced May 31, 1758; finished in March. 

1759- 
766 — The Stone Bridge across the Assanpink Creek built. 
769 — Samuel Henry's Iron Foundry and Steel Works on the 

Creek built. 
yj2> — First Methodist Church built. 

775 — The first Provincial Congress met in Trenton, 23d of June. 
776 — William Livingston made Governor of New Jersey. 
y/6 — Battle of Trenton, 26th of December. 



CHRONOLOGY (Continued:) 

1777 — The New Jersey Gazette published at Burlington by Isaac 

Collins, December 5. 
1784 — The Continental Congress met here. 
1789 — George Washington went through Trenton on his way from 

Mt. Vernon to New York to be inaugurated first President 

of the United States. 
1790 — Trenton was made the seat of government of New Jersey, 

November 25. 
1792 — Trenton became a city under her Charter. 
1796 — Capitol built. 

1801 — First number of the True American was issued March 11. 
1 801 — First Charter for Trenton Water Works. 
1803 — Baptist Church formally opened November 26. 
1804 — Delaware Bridge commenced, and finished in 1806. 
1812 — State Bank, N. W. Corner of Warren and Bank Streets, 

chartered. 
1841 — The Trenton Monument Association was chartered. 
1845 — Steamboat, Edwin Forrest, started running between Tren- 
ton and Philadelphia. 
1847 — The Trenton Iron Company was incorporated. (Cooper, 

Hewitt & Co.) 
1848 — John A. Roebling erected his Wire Mill. 



lEarlu $?ttl?m?nt0 



THE INDIANS had their trading posts at the ''Falls of tin- 
Delaware, " about the middle of the Seventeenth Century. 
Their paths or trails extended from the Hudson to the 
.Southern part of the Delaware River. Several of these trails con- 
verged at the "Falls" and were afterward converted by the Euro- 
peans into highways. "The great trail in the Central Section of 
the State was that by which the Dutch of New Amsterdam com- 
municated with the settlements on the Delaware." 

The line of travel now differs very little from the original forest 
path that was for centuries well worn by the Indians. The Dutch 
and the Swedes came here to trade with the Indians, but when the 
English arrived, they moved out. The name of the Indian tribe 
was the Lenni Lenape. 

One of the principal trading posts of the Lenni Lenape was 
at the Falls of the Delaware about the middle of the Seventeenth 
Century. 

Henry Hudson discovered the Hudson River just 300 years 
ago. 1609 — 1909. 

It was through this discovery that the Dutch and Swedes came 
to the banks of the Delaware. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and 
other lands near, although claimed by the ancient right of the Crown 
of England, had two pretenders to them. The Dutch and the 
Swedes whose claims were set up by the discovery in the year 1609 
by Henry Hudson, an Englishman by birth, and who commanded 
the ship called the "Half Moon," sent out from Holland by the 
East Indian Company for the purpose of finding a north-west 



passage to China. In the voyage he sailed up the river to what is 
now New York, returning afterward to Amsterdam. 

The Dutch pretended to have purchased the chart he made of 
the American Coast, and obtaining a patent from the States in the 
year 1614 to trade in New England, they settled in New York, which 
place they called New Netherland. In 1627, the Swedes and Finns 
came over here. Their first landing was at Cape Inlopen (now 
called Henlopen). Some time after this they purchased from some 
Indians the land from Cape Inlopen to the Falls of the Delaware, 
on both sides of the river. These falls were opposite, or west of 
the City of Trenton, so that what is now Trenton was included in 
the purchase. The Delaware was called by them New Swedeland 
Stream. They made presents to the Indian Chiefs to obtain peace- 
able possession of the lands they had purchased. 

THE OLDE TOWNE. 

In the early part of the Eighteenth Century most of the land 
whereon Trenton is built belonged to Mahlon Stacy. In 171 2, 
William Yard bought about two acres from Mahlon Stacy, the 
property on Broad Street, south of State to Lafayette. In 1714, 
he purchased 100 acres from Andrew Heath. This property 
adjoined the Beakes Estate on Beakes Lane (now Princeton Ave- 
nue), and in 171 7 he purchased nine and a half acres from Ralph 
Hunt on the north side of Academy Street. 

In 1 714, William Trent, a Philadelphia merchant, purchased a 
large tract of land here, and the village was afterward called 
Trents-town. The ground south of Front Street along the Assun- 
pink Creek was low and swampy and was called Peace's Meadows. 
The land on each side of the road to Bordentown, south of the 
creek, was called Littleboro, also Kingsbury. 

The farm to the west of that road was called Bloomsbury. and 

10 



the village below that was called Lamberton after Thomas Lambert. 
Other plantation owners soon arrived, the Pettys, the Beakes, and 
the Heaths. 

The village grew slowly, so that by 1777 Elkanah Watson esti- 
mated there were seventy houses on the north side of the creek 
(then Hunterdon County) ; on the south side (Burlington County). 
General Stryker was of the opinion that there were about thirty 
houses. Many of the locations were positively identified through 
the efforts of General Stryker, assisted by Dr. James B. Coleman. 
Mr. Benjamin Fish, Mr. John R. Dill, Mr. Jasper S. Scudder, Mr. 
John S. McCully and William S. Yard. 

In 1748, when the town was in quite a flourishing condition, its 
advantageous location for business led the inhabitants to anticipate 
its growth and prosperity, and supposing that both would be pro- 
moted by an act of incorporation with the Crown, conferring bor- 
ough privileges in the 19th year of the reign of King George II, 
1746, Governor Lewis Morris and a number of the inhabitants of 
this district of country sent a petition to the King, stating that 
Trenton was the head of the sloop navigation and that a variety 
of circumstances rendered the place favorable for business and that 
its interests would be greatly promoted by such an act. 

Accordingly a royal Charter was granted for a borough, to be 
known as the borough and town of Trenton, but, the inhabitants 
not experiencing the benefits which they anticipated from their 
Charter, they surrendered it to King George II, in the 23d year 
of his reign, 1750. (Liber A. A. A. Commissioners, P. 306, Sec- 
retary's office.) This included nearly all of the County of Mercer 
(1/48). 

Alexander Chambers was the first to establish Bloomsbury as 
a port for sloops and built a wharf and storehouse there about the 
year 1803. The transportation business having been previously 
conducted at Lamberton, about a mile below. 

11 



In 1748, the inhabitants carried on a small local trade, but their 
chief source of income came from transporting travellers from 
New York to Philadelphia, commonly from Trenton to Philadelphia 
by yachts. 

In 1791, there were only six Post towns in New Jersey, Trenton 
being one of them. 

November 5, 1792, the Township of Trenton was incorporated 
as a city. On November 25, 1790, Trenton was made the Capital 
of the State. It had been recommended as far back as 1776. by 
Governor Livingston, that a place be selected, but no action had 
been taken before this. 

The Council and Assembly had met in different places, holding 
their meetings sometimes in Perth Amboy, and at other times in 
Burlington. Soon after this a commission was appointed to select 
a place suitable for the State Building. After the Revolution, Con- 
gress met in different places as was most convenient, and in 1778 
the hope was banished of having Trenton made the Capital of the 
United States. 

Congress met here in 1784. 

In the course of development, by 1800, Trenton had become a 
town of some size, with numerous taverns having many quaint 
names. These taverns were well patronized, Trenton being on the 
main coach road. The houses were partly built of stone, though 
most of them were of wood and planks. 

In 1794, an English tourist says of our town: "The houses join 
each other and form regular streets, very much like some of the 
small towns in Devonshire. The town has a good market. Many 
good shops are to be seen there, in general, with seats on each side 
the entrance and a step or two up into each house." 

The Duke de la Rochefoucault, about the same time makes this 
entry in his journal: "About a quarter of a mile beyond Trenton 
is the passage over the Delaware by a ferry, which, though ten 

12 



stage coaches daily pass in, it is such that it would be reckoned a 
very bad ferry in Europe. On the farther side of the river the 
retrospect to Trenton is, in a considerable degree, pleasing. The 
ground between this town and the Delaware is smooth, sloping 
decorated with the flowers and verdure of a fine meadow. In the 
environs of the town, too, are a number of handsome villas which 
greatly enrich the landscape." 

The situation of the town seems to have pleased the French 
eye, as in 1805 General Moreau built his house on the opposite side 
of the river, and Joseph Bonaparte was disappointed in not being 
able to purchase a site adjoining the town. 

ITS SOCIAL LIFE. 

Trenton enjoyed and saw much gay and fashionable life in the 
latter part of the Eighteenth Century, this may be seen from a letter 
written by Lucy Pintard, who had visited the "Hermitage" a year 
before. She says : "The Springs of the peerage I have met so 
far, do not equal in their fullness of attire our own ladies and 
gentlemen of New Jersey, to be found in the Capital City." It is 
also said that the well-to-do gallants of that day in Trenton copied 
Prince Florizel, the fashion plate of Europe, in their clothes, which 
were to be had from tailors in Philadelphia three months after they 
had been introduced into the drawing rooms abroad. Trenton was 
not without its Romance. Prince Murat, a nephew of Joseph Bona- 
parte's, after eloping from Bordentown with Miss Frazer, a Charles- 
ton belle, was married to her in St. Michael's Church. 

Although this city saw much gaiety, dancing was not in vogue, 
the fashionable people of Trenton journeying to Philadelphia by 
coach for the Assemblies. 

The history of Trenton from the very beginning of its municipal 
growth is replete with stories of the hospitality and elaborate enter- 

13 



tainments held here, the great men of the nation, Washington, 
Adams, Jefferson, Franklin, Morris, Clymer, and many dis- 
tinguished foreigners visiting in this country seldom failed to accept 
an opportunity to visit Trenton people. Public dinners for the men 
were Common, Masons banquets at the old temple on Willow Street 
— the dinner of the Society of the Cincinnati on Washington's Birth- 
day, and on the Fourth of July. 

At home the women drank tea, made samplers, knitted, sewed, 
cooked over open fires, and sometimes gossipped. There were no 
lectures or theatres nearer than New York or Philadelphia, no clubs, 
no church sociables. 

Literature was confined to English novels, to almanacs, news- 
papers, poems, and the collection of State papers upon Constitu- 
tional matters, popular among the men. 



H 



Cs 



A iFpiu of tit? iEarly dlnoitBtnea 

mahlon stacy's flour mill. 

Built in 1680, of hewn logs, and one and one-half stories high, 
this stood on the east side of Broad Street, a little below where the 
Washington Market now stands, and just below where the old stone 
bridge once stood, over which was erected the arch under which 
General Washington rode when he was going through Trenton to 
New York to be made first President of the United States. 

In 1 7 14 William Trent bought this property from Mahlon Stacy, 
Jr., and rebuilt the mill. 

FIRST AMERICAN STEEL PLANT WAS IN TRENTON I/SO. 

Trenton industries are traced back to the first steel mill in the 
United States, which was located below Front Street, between 
Willow and Delaware Streets. Because of an error in the index 
of the New Jersey Archives, second series, the credit of the first 
steel mill here has until lately been given to Stacy Potts, and the 
date as 1776; but in the same volume it is stated that Benjamin 
Yard conducted a steel plant in Trenton in the year 1750. Judge 
William S. Yard had in his possession many documents that showed 
when the mill was established and of the exact location. The mill 
was situated on the spot where Petty's Run crosses State Street, 
and on to the river. Unless an earlier one can be shown to have 
existed, Trenton will be honored in the future as the place where 
the first steel mill in the country was located. 

POTTERIES. 

We are told by Ernest Volk that the Indians, the Lenni 
Lenape, who settled along the banks of the Delaware ( many years 

15 



before the white man set foot in New Jersey) were our first potters, 
as numerous relics of their ware have been found here. 

In 1799, Joseph McCully had a pottery on King Street 
(Warren), opposite the Church (St. Michael's). Here he made 
ordinary earthenware. 

There were steel works on the creek (back of where Mr. Perdi- 
caris once lived on East State Street) about 1769. 

In 1800, a distillery was built in Lamberton by Henry Hall, of 
Monmouth. 

In 1 81 2, Joseph Fithian had a cotton mill near the steel works 
of Stacy Potts. 

Daniel W. Cox had a stone paper mill in 1756. It was on the 
north bank of the Assunpink, near the river. 

In 1 81 4, Lawrence Huron & Co. built the brick mill on Factory 
Street. It was called the "Trenton Manufacturing Company," and 
was afterward carried on by John Hay. 

The first calico factory, erected by John D. Sartori in 181 7, 
was at the foot of Federal Street on the Delaware River. It was 
worked by hand. Later on, a company of gentlemen from Phila- 
delphia, New York and Baltimore built a large building on the 
same spot, and for a number of years this company carried on the 
business of calico printing. 

Daniel W. Cox built a stone mill at the foot of Mill Street on 
the Delaware. This was built for a flouring mill. The "Trenton 
Delaware Falls Company" was incorporated in 1831. 

In the year 1791, Mr. Isaac Collins issued from the printing 
office, corner of Second and Queen Streets, now State and Broad, 
a large quarto Bible of 984 pages, uniform with the Oxford Edition 
of the Holy Scriptures, to which was added an index, also Scripture 
measures, weights and coins. The price of the book was four 
Spanish dollars ; one dollar to be paid at the time of subscribing 
and the remainder on delivery of the book. Three thousand copies 
were published. 

16 




qJdCUsOt t^L>ij!M7Zd. 



THE STATE GAZETTE. 

The New Jersey Gazette was first published at Burlington by 
Isaac Collins. The first paper was issued on December 5, 1777, 
but on the fourth of March, 1778, the publication office was removed 
to Trenton; and was in a frame building on the south-east corner 
of State and Broad Streets. In January, the third of the month, 
1797, the name was changed to State Gazette. 

In 1829 it was called the New Jersey State Gazette, and some 
time after that The State Gazette, its present name. Its office now 
is on Hanover Street. 

TRUE AMERICAN. 

The True American issued its first paper on March 11, 1801, 
from its office on Market Street. The office was moved a number 
of times, but was for a number of years on the south-east corner of 
State and Broad Streets. 

LIBRARIES AND SCHOOLS. 

Education was not neglected in the early days, as we read notices 
in the press of both day and boarding schools, and of the Trenton 
Academy being founded in 1781, and of their school-house being 
erected on the same spot where the beautiful Public Library now 
stands, a fitting monument for those men, who in early days, did 
so much for the cause of education, and the town may well echo 
the sentiment of the author: 

"Education is a stronger protection to government than a stand- 
ing army." 

In 1750. there was a library established in Trenton, and Thomas 
Cadwalader contributed 500 pounds toward it. Then little is 
known of it until 1781, when Rensaeller Williams was Librarian. 



In 1/9/ it was recognized under the name of the Trenton Library 
Company. In 1798 the first catalogue was printed. 

The Apprentices Library was started in the year 1821. The 
books from this library came to the Y. M. C. A. The Hon. S. L. 
Southard, United States Senator, and at one time acting Vice- 
President of the United States, was interested in this library, also 
the Hon. Charles Ewing, Chief Justice of New Jersey, and Gen- 
eral Jachariah Rossell, who for many years was clerk of the 
Supreme Court of New Jersey. 

In 1838, the Trenton Institute was formed. The place of meet- 
ing was in the large saloon of the City Hall. 

In 1845, the Irving Institute was formed. The Trenton Lyceum 
was next formed, with Edward W. Scudder as President. 

In 1852, the Trenton Library was opened to the public. Its 
officers were the Hon. Samuel D. Ingham, President ; Alfred S. 
Livingston, Secretary ; Timothy Abbott, Charles Hewitt, James T. 
Sherman, Gregory A. Perdicaris, A. S. Livingston and Barker 
Gummere, Directors ; Jonathan F. Cheesman, Treasurer and Libra- 
rian. When first opened, they rented the corner store in Tem- 
perance Hall, which stood on the south-east corner of Broad and 
Front Streets. 

The late John Cadwalader, of New York, donated $45,000 for 
an addition to the Public Library. This addition is near completion 

(I9I5)- 

He was the great grandson of Thomas Cadwalader. 

THE TRENTON ACADEMY. 

The Trenton Academy was established February 10, 1781. The 
following were the names of the members of the Association : 
Joseph Higbee, David Brearley, Joseph Milnor, Renssellaer Williams, 
James Paxton, Stacy Potts, Isaac Smith, Isaac Collins, William 

18 



Tucker, James Ewing, Conrad Kotts, Stephen Lowrey, Abram 
Hunt, Moore Furman, R. Neil, M. How, Jacob Benjamin, W. C. 
Houston, John Neilson, Francis Will. Mr. James Burnside was 
the first teacher. The Academy was incorporated November 10, 
1785, by the name of the "Trustees of the Trenton Academy." 

On the twentieth of June, 1787, the Rev. James F. Armstrong 
was appointed Superintendent of the Academy. He attended to 
the government and order of the school, advising the manner of 
teaching and presiding at the public examinations. In 1847, Ior 
want of more accommodations, the Academy was rebuilt. 

A great many of the older generations were educated here. It 
was located on Academy Street, on the spot where the Public 
Library now stands. 

THE OLDE STREETS. 

Trenton was the Shire-town of Hunterdon County, the trading 
place for Quakers and Presbyterian plantation owners, head of 
sloop and shallop navigation upon the Delaware, also post-town on 
one of the great highways between Philadelphia and New York, 
and had by 1776, during its existence, basked in peace and plenty. 

Its development had been slow and irregular. Upon the Hun- 
terdon County side of the village there extended a long winding 
highway, partially shaded. This was known as Queen Street, later 
Green Street, and now Broad Street. This highway was the prin- 
cipal avenue of approach to the village from the north and from 
the south. 

After crossing the Assunpink by an open bridge, Queen Street 
extended to the south-east, through the fields and woods, and became 
a sandy, deep rutted road to Bordentown. On the north side of 
the Assunpink Creek was King Street (now Warren Street), 
which extended from Front Street to where the Battle Monument 

19 



now stands. Along this street were the homes of prominent citi- 
zens. At the junction of King and Queen Streets, three highways 
spread to the northward, the Pennington, Beake's Lane (latter 
extending into what is now Princeton Avenue), and Brunswick 
Road. The latter led through Maidenhead (Lawrenceville) and 
Princeton. 

Second Street (now East and West State Street) extended east 
and west through the town. The extreme east of Second Street 
was lost in the low lands of the Assunpink ; to the north was a 
by-road, now known as Clinton Avenue, and which led to Bernard 
Hanlon's mill. To the west it went through the orchard and crossed 
Quaker Lane (Montgomery Street) and became an important 
thoroughfare, as it crossed Queen and King Streets, and at Willow- 
Street joined the River Road, which ran out Willow to Quarry 
Street, turning there in a westerly direction, to the Beatty's Ferry 
Road (now Calhoun Street) and lastly to the present continuation 
of West State Street. 

Front Street began at Broad Street, extending to the hollow 
square formed by the Barracks. Here it turned into the River 
Road. 

Warren Street toward the south terminated at Front Street and 
only Hunt's Alley (now Sterling's Alley) crossed Front Street 
from Second Street to the Delaware. 

Third Street (now Hanover Street) extended from Warren 
Street to Montgomery Street; while Fourth Street (now Academy) 
extended from Broad Street to Montgomery Street. 

Dark Lane commencing at Montgomery Street, with the excep- 
tion of Beatty's Ferry Road, running from the river to Pennington 
Road, completed the list of streets in the town proper. 

On the south side of the Assunpink Creek, Ferry Street extended 
from the Morrisville Ferry to the Bordentown Road. 

20 



From the Ferry Road was a private lane along the river to 
Bloomsbury Farm. 

The streets were nothing more than dirt roads. Fortunately, 
Petty's Run and its branches carried off much of the surface water. 
This and the general slope of the ground to the river kept the 
streets quite well drained. 

It was not until 1/9-2, when Trenton became a city under her 
Charter, that the streets were either extended or improved, or that 
Trenton increased to any great extent beyond her one hundred 
houses, and her five or six hundred population. 

Trenton, especially that part lying in old Hunterdon County, 
was of prominence in the early days, as is shown by the fact that 
the Comity Courts first met in the town, and it was a point of 
importance upon one of the three stage routes between Philadelphia 
and New York. 

THE FERRIES. 

The two principal ferries appear to have been — The Lower 
Ferry, or Colvin's Ferry, and the Upper Ferry, or Beatty's Ferry. 
The Lower Ferry was situated just below the lower Delaware 
Bridge, at the foot of Ferry Street, and the Upper Ferry just above 
the Calhoun Street Bridge. 

The Lower Ferry was run by Patrick Colvin, who lived on the 
Morrisville side, and the tavern on this side was kept by Rensselaer 
Williams. At one time Thomas Janney had charge of the ferry, but 
he gave it up and Patrick Colvin had it for many years. 

The ferry house was an important part of the ferry, and is often 
mentioned in connection with it. It was the house in which the 
ferrymen lived and was sometimes kept as a tavern. 

One Revolutionary ferry house is still standing (1916) at the 
foot of Ferry Street — the Bloomsbury Hotel. 

21 



Nathaniel Moore had a house at Beatty's Ferry, or Upper Ferry, 
.iikI rhomas Harvey had charge oi the ferry. 

\ new fei i \ Kept by foseph Kirkbride was situated a few rods 
above the old I rpper Ferry. 

A Trenton ferry, started from Pennsylvania, and landed at the 
i'.'itv house erected 1>\ [ohn Rutherford in Trenton. This was 
situated directlj at the junction of the river and the New Milford 
Road. 

Passengers weir ferried across the river on rafts. 

State Street changed its name from Second Street in 1847- 

Warren Street was named alter General Joseph Warren, who 
senl Paul Revere on his famous ride, and who lost his life 
at Bunker I [ill. 

Greene Street was named after General Nathaniel Greene, who 
was one of Washington's aides at the Battle oi Trenton (now 
Broad Street V 

Hanover, tor the House ot Hanover. 

Academy, after the famous Trenton Academy. 

Perry Street, after Commodore Terry (opened in 1813). 

Montgomery (Quaker Lane), after Richard Montgomery, the 
brave American officer who tell at Quebec. 

In Cadwalader Place Carteret and Berkeley Avenues are named 
for the first owners oi New Jersey, under royal grant. 

Hamilton Avenue At one time called the Sandtown Road, used 
h\ Washington in making his march to Princeton, ran some dis- 
tance north oi Hamilton Avenue, probably nearly half way between 
Hamilton Avenue and Greenwood Avenue, hut starting from South 
Broad Street at about the same place as it docs now. This road 
was regularly laid a little more than a hundred years aero. 



KINGS HIGHWAY. 

The old Kind's Highway was the road leading from Trenton 
to Princeton | Prince Town), through Lawrenceville (then Maiden- 
head) ; it crossed the ' lay (reck. About half way between Law- 
renceville and Princeton was the Province-line post-office. This 

divided the two province- of East and West Jersey. This high- 
way was the line of travel between New York and Philadelphia, 
also extending from Xew England to the South; and still earlier 
was the trail the Indians followed in going from the Delaware to 
the Raritan. It also went through King-ton | King-, Town;, and is 
the same as the Brunswick Road. This was part of the old York 
Road. 




MODES OF TRAVEL. 

The stage coach was die principal vehicle used for travel in 
early days. In 1744, the stage wagon between New Brunswick 

and Trenton ran twice a week. 

In 1756, a stage line between Philadelphia and Xew York, going 
through Trenton and Perth Amboy, was established, which 
intended to run through in three day-. 'i I I by 

another in 1765, which was to -tart twice a week, but by that time, 
there was no increase of speed. The next year a third line of good 
stage wagons was set up to go through in two days in summer. 



23 



and three in winter. These were advertised as having the seats set 
on springs. Advertisement — Philadelphia, Trenton and Elizabeth- 
town Stage. 

''The subscriber takes this method to inform the publick that 
they have erected a compleat Stage waggon to go from this City 
to Trenton and Elizabeth Town, passing through Bristol. They 
flatter themselves that the mode they have taken to compleat the 
journey with ease and despatch cannot fail giving satisfaction to 
those who please to favor them with their custom." 

"The Stage to set off from the Conestogoe. — Waggon, in Market 
Street, between Fourth and Fifth Streets, Philadelphia, every Mon- 
day and Thursday mornings, precisely at 6 o'clock, and to reach 
Princeton the same day ; there to meet another stage, change passen- 
gers, and reach Elizabeth Town the next day, and so compleat the 
journey in two days." 

"The price for each passenger is thirty shillings specie, or the 
value in other money, and the same for any baggage weighing one 
hundred and fifty pounds." 

Edward Young, 
ichabod grummond. 

N. B. — No run goods to be admitted in this stage, nor sealed 
letters, unless directed to gentlemen of the Army of the United 
States. 

Thus in 1781 two entire days were consumed in getting to 
Elizabethtown. The owners of the Flying Stage Wagon, never- 
theless, returned thanks to those who patronized them. 

These stages connected with the ferries in Trenton. The Upper 
Ferry being situated just above where the upper bridge now stands ; 
and the Lower Ferry just below the railroad bridge in the lower 
part of the city, at one time the steamboat landing at the foot of 
Ferry Street. 

24 



These stages also connected with boats at Elizabethtown for 
New York. 

The route to Amboy from Trenton was over the Sand-Town 
Road (now Hamilton Avenue). Here a boat was met and passen- 
gers were conveyed across the bay to New York. 

Great dependence was placed on the attractions of this boat. 
It was described as having a fine, commodious cabin fitted up with 
a tea table and sundry other articles. 

ADVERTISEMENT. 

"The owner of the ferry known by the name of the 'Trenton 
Old Ferry,' on the Post Road leading to Philadelphia, and where the 
public cross provided the said ferry with the best boats that have 
been constructed for safety in the transportation of passengers, and 
horses and carriages in time of freshets, wind or ice ; and employs 
a number of careful hands who work the boats, and who are always 
punctual on the spot." 

"The rates of ferriage are as follows, viz : 

"Wagon and four horses, five shillings ; wagon and two horses, 
three shillings, nine pence ; a chair, three shillings six pence ; man 
and horse, six pence ; foot passengers, three pence ; and all other 
ferriages in proportion." 

On the 21st of April, 1801, Joseph Vandegrift, Sr., opened a 
stage office next to the Indian Queen Hotel, then kept by Amos 
Howell, near the Market House. By this time the stages ran to 
and from Philadelphia, making one trip a day to either city. 

The steamboat Philadelphia commenced running from Blooms- 
bury on Tuesday, July 3, 1820. 

In 1828 the Union line of Trenton hacks ran to Bloomsbury, to 
carry passengers to the steamboats Trenton, Burlington and Marco 
Bozzaris. 

25 



These three boats were arranged to make one trip each way 
every day. The same year a line of Trenton Mail Coaches was 
run by C. H. Vandeveer, between this city and New Brunswick. 
Fare for passage, one dollar. The Union line of stage coaches con- 
tinued to run until the railroad began operations. 

ADVERTISEMENT OF OLD UNION LINE. 
OLD UNION LINE FOR PHILADELPHIA. 

Twenty-five miles land carriage, via New Brunswick and Tren- 
ton. Fare through, $5. 

With Steamboats Atlanta, Bellona and Philadelphia. The 
Steamboat Atlanta will leave New York every day (Sundays 
excepted), at 11 o'clock A. M. for Elizabeth Town Point. Imme- 
diately on her arrival, the passengers will be received on board the 
elegant, fast sailing. Steamboat Bellona without delay and proceed 
to New Brunswick. Passengers will dine on board the Bellona, 
lodge at Trenton, and take the elegant, commodious, fast sailing 
Steamboat Philadelphia, so as to arrive in Philadelphia City at 10 
o'clock next morning, in time to take the Old Union Line Balti- 
more Steamboat. 

This is a speedy, and certainly the most convenient route of any, 
as passengers will leave New York after the banks open and arrive 
in Philadelphia before the hours of business, without fatigue in 
travelling or want of sleep, the land carriage being much less than 
by any other route between the two cities. 

For seats apply at No. 5 Courtlandt Street, the second office 
from Broadway, or at the Battery Hotel, corner of Washington and 
Marketfield Streets. 

All goods and baggage at the risk of the owner. 

Apr. 5. Wm. B. Jaques, Agent. 

26 



In 1807, John Mannington ran a line of "Coachee Stages," which 
left Philadelphia every morning at eight o'clock (Sundays excepted), 
and arrived in Trenton in time to dine at the tavern next to the 
City Hotel on King Street. Fare, one dollar and fifty cents ; bag- 
gage as usual. 

In 1820, Charles B. Carman and Lewis Thomson ran a line from 
Trenton to Philadelphia, via Bristol by steamboat ; Captain J. 
Miller. Fare, one dollar ; breakfast, twenty-five cents. The boat 
ran every day except Sundays. Application for passage to be made 
at Enoch Green's Indian Queen Tavern ; John Voorhees, City Hotel, 
and C. H. Vanderveer's Hotel, Bloomsbury. 

In 1840, the Steamboat Hornet commenced running to Philadel- 
phia. Fare, twenty-five cents. 

In 1840. the railroad terminus of the Philadelphia and Trenton 
Railroad was at Morrisville, near the bridge, and from here the 
passengers were conveyed by horse cars to the town, and the station 
on East State Street, where the trains were taken for New York. 
The horse car terminus was on the corner of Broad and Hanover 
Streets. A few years later the trains ran over the bridge, and the 
horse car track having been removed, passengers for the town were 
conveyed to their different points of destination by Stages ; while 
those for New York went through in the same train. 

THE POST. 

"Ye Falles of Ye De La Ware," being situated upon the great 
highway and post-road between Philadelphia and New York, 
enjoyed early postal facilities. According to tradition, in 1683. a 
postal service was established. It supplied "Ye Falles of Ye De La 
Ware," and the Delaware Valley section of Buck's County. 

A North American service began in 1693 under Thomas Neal, 
of London, who was represented in New Jersey by Andrew Ham- 
ilton. Then very little is known about the service until 1734, but 

27 



it is supposed that the town had probably received the mail from 
post-riders who met the Burlington-Amboy mail at some govern- 
ment place. In 1734 a post-office was established here at the house 
of Joseph Reed, Esq., and his son, Andrew Reed, was postmaster. 
Jn l 755 ^ was announced: "Letters not taken up within three 
months from this date will be sent to the general post-office at Phila- 
delphia. At the time of the Revolution, Abraham Hunt was post- 
master, and his office was located where the Forst-Richey Building 
now stands. 

At this time post-riders were sent out to carry official communi- 
cations to the Governor, William Livingston, at Elizabethtown, and 
to the Council of Safety at New Brunswick, Morristown and Had- 
donfield. 

In 1 791, there numbered six post-offices in New Jersey. These 
were at Newark, Elizabethtown, Bridgetown (now Railway), New 
Brunswick, Princeton and Trenton. 

During General Washington's Administration, the first post- 
master of whom we have any knowledge, was a Mr. Pinkerton, 
and during Washington's second term of office, John Singer 
received the appointment and continued in office until 1801. The 
office, at this time, was kept in the house once occupied by the late 
Dr. John Howell, on the corner of Warren and Hanover Streets. 

Major Peter Gordon was appointed postmaster on the first day 
of April, 1 80 1, by Thomas Jefferson. He had his office at the 
corner of State and Warren Streets. In 1804, Major Gordon hav- 
ing received from Governor Bloomfield the appointment of State 
Treasurer, he at once resigned the office of postmaster, and Charles 
Rice was appointed. He continued the office at the same place 
where Major Gordon had established it. He remained in office dur- 
ing the Administration of John Adams and James Madison. 

Advertisement of Post Coach and United States' Mail, from 
New York Daily Advertiser, April 16, 1819. 

28 



POST COACH AND UNITED STATES MAIL. 

Superior style of travelling to Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wash- 
ington and Pittsburgh. Through in one day, and passing through 
all the principal towns. 

FOR PHILADELPHIA. 

The New York and Philadelphia City Post Coach Line Regu- 
lator has lately been got up for the express accommodation of both 
cities. The Post Coach leaves the office, No. i Courtlandt Street, 
near Broadway, every morning at 5 o'clock (Sundays excepted), 
and arrives in Philadelphia the same afternoon at 5 o'clock. The 
Coach will call for passengers, put them down in any part of either 
City, which will do away with the many inconveniences attending 
the shifting and changing of baggage from steamboat to stages. 
The subscribers offer for the patronage of the citizens and then- 
friends the above line which, for comfort and security, shall not 
be surpassed by any on the continent. 

This line will be in connection with the United States Mail Bine 
and under the same direction, and will carry only six passengers 
inside, and for forty dollars the Coach may be taken by a party, 
who shall not be disturbed by way passengers. 

United States Mail Coach will start from the City Hotel and 
Mail Office every day at 2 p. m. ; arriving in Philadelphia at 6 a. m. 
Only six passengers admitted. Both lines passing through the 
pleasant towns of Newark, Elizabethtown, Brunswick, Princeton. 
Trenton and Bristol. 

For seats apply to Thomas Whitfield at the Coach Office, No. 1 
Courtlandt Street, near the corner of Broadway ; or A. T. Goodrich 
& Co., No. 124 Broadway, corner of Cedar Street, New York. 

29 



Expresses and extra coaches furnished at any hour for any part 
of the United States by Thomas Whitfield, No. i Courtlandt Street. 
All goods and baggage at the risk of the owner. 

Joseph Lyon & Sons, New York. 
Chester Bailey, Philadelphia. 
Apr. 9. 

At the time of the stage route's existence, mail time was an im- 
portant event. 

The citizens would gather around or near the post office waiting 
for the stage to arrive ; and when the horses came dashing with the 
coach into the town, all was excitement. Any one receiving a letter 
would pay the postage due them. 

SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF TRENTON. 

In the early morning of December 26, 1776, Washington with 
his troops crossed the Delaware, and upon the banks of the river 
prepared his men for the march upon Trenton. Then through the 
sleety north-east wind over the slippery ground, the soldiers formed 
into their various companies, struggled on to Bear Tavern ; thence 
the way led to Birmingham, where General Washington break- 
fasted at the home of Benjamin Moore. From Birmingham two 
roads led to Trenton, one the Pennington ; the other, the River Road. 
The Pennington road lay to the east and here the single column 
formed into two divisions. One being under the command of Major 
General Sullivan, which took the River Road ; the other commanded 
by Major General Nathaniel Greene, the Pennington Road. 

With Greene's divisions was General Washington and the bri- 
gades of Stephen, Mercer, Lord Stirling, and de Fermoy, Captain 
Morris' Philadelphia troop of Light Horse, and the batteries of 
Forrest, Bauman, and Hamilton. With Major General Sullivan 

30 



were the brigades of St. Clair, Glover, and Sargent, and the bat- 
teries of Neil, Hugg, Moulder, and Sergeant. 

The division of Greene first came in sight of the Alarm house 
on the Pennington road, and drove back the Hessian Guards. The 
foreign soldiers fell back to the head of Calhoun Street, the road 
leading to Beatty's Ferry. 

Daylight had come. It was now eight o'clock as Greene's men 
were driving back the guard on the Pennington road ; Sullivan's 
division had reached the yager picket on West State Street, "The 
Hermitage." When Rail's grenadiers heard the firing they rushed 
out of their quarters on Warren Street, and formed in front of 
what is now the American House. 

The Von Lossberg regiment formed back of St. Michael's 
Church. The Von Knyphausen regiment formed on Broad Street 
and marched westward along State Street. 

General Rail on hearing of the opening of the battle emerged 
from his quarters, the Pott's house, on Warren Street, took horse 
and made a gallant rally ; he assumed command of his regiment, 
but was hardly able to do so, as he had scarcely recovered from the 
effects of Colonel Hunt's wine, and the excitement of cards, the 
night before. 

Washington had taken position on the high ground on the cor- 
ners of Fountain and Princeton Avenues, on the John Chamber's 
property. 

From the present site of the Battle Monument the batteries of 
Captain Thomas Forrest, and Captain Alexander Hamilton swept 
both Warren and Broad Streets, disabling the cannon of Rail's 
regiment. 

At this point the brigade of General Stirling made a charge down 
Warren Street and drove Rail's regiment off the street into the 
gardens between Warren and Broad Streets. Rail's regiment and 

3i 



the Von Lossberg regiment started off together across the fields in 
the direction of Montgomery Street. 

As these two regiments were leaving the town, Colonel Rail com- 
manded them to right about and attack the village. This they did, 
when Stirling's men charged upon them at the junction of Broad 
Street and Church Alley, running along by the north side of St. 
Michael's Church. At the same time, General Mercer's brigade 
charged down Broad Street on their broken ranks. 

Rail was still shouting: "All who are my grenadiers, forward!" 
when a bullet struck him. He fell from his horse and was carried 
into the Methodist Church on the north-east corner of what is now 
Broad and Academy Streets, while the Americans pushed the two 
demoralized regiments through Hanover and Academy Streets into 
the orchard. 

General Stephen and General de Fermoy's brigade, by Washing- 
ton's orders, hastened to the Fox Chase Tavern, on Brunswick road, 
to prevent the enemy's escape to Maidenhead (now Lawrenceville). 
While the battle was at its height, General Sullivan's division had 
pushed down the River Road and thence along Front Street to the 
Assunpink block to keep the enemy from escaping over the only 
bridge leading into Burlington County, but, nevertheless, a number 
of the enemy's troops managed to escape ; others, retreating, were 
captured between Stark's brigade on State Street, and the Ameri- 
cans on the bridge, and surrendered in front of Taylor's Opera 
House, the "false surrender." 

Stark, on State Street, overcame a slight show of resistance 
made by Major Von de Chou and the veterans of the Von Knyphau- 
sen regiment, and drove the Hessians into the orchard. 

During this time the Rail and Von Lossberg regiments had been 
huddled into the orchard where they had little hope of escaping to 
Princetion. Stephen and De Fermoy were on the Brunswick road ; 
Forrest's battery was in position near the Meeting House of the 

32 



Society of Friends. It was then that the standards were lowered 
guns were grounded, and the officers placed their hats on the points 
of their swords. 



THE SURRENDER. 



General Stirling rode forward, and Lieutenant-Colonel Francis 
Scheffer, the senior officer of the Hessian brigade, surrendered his 
sword and his command to him. This ceremony took place in the 
apple orchard east of Montgomery Street, on the two blocks north 
and the two blocks east of the corner on which the post office now 
stands. The brave Rail was carried from the Methodist Church to 
his own quarters, the Pott's house. Generals Washington and 
Greene called on him during the morning and took his parole prom- 
ising him kind treatment for his men. He died on the evening of 
December 27. 

More than one thousand of Washington's Army were reported 
unfit for duty the next day. 

Written to express the sentiment of Colonel Rail and his com- 
rades. By Frank Forrester. 

"Soldiers spread the Christmas feast; 

Soldiers, fill the bumper fair. 
Pass the bottle, pile the hearth ; 

Cutting cold the wintry air ; 
Let the toast our Country be 

From whatever Country we, 
Sons of German Fatherland, 

Briton, ever bond, and free. 
Comrades, troll the jolly stave. 

Pass the bottle, fear no wrone 
For the rebel hosts are weak 

And the wintry river strong." 

33 



"Not the mere holding a great flag unfurled. 
But making it the eodliest in the world." 



1864 



"O, Assunpink ! O, Delaware ! 

Ye could unfold a tale 
Of silent suffering, mute despair, 

By watch fires waning pale ; 
But ye are voiceless ; none may know 
The tears that wet those beds of snow. 
And sanctified each spot of earth 
That bore the hopes of freedom's birth. 
Shame, that no stone records their worth." 
Those men of '76 ! 

Clementine. 
{Ellen Clementine Howarth, the Trenton poetess). 




FOX-CHASE TAVERN. 

34 




A CORNER OF THE BARRACKS. 

The Old Barracks, built to quarter English troops during the 
French and Indian War, was begun on the 31st of May, 1758. and 
finished in March, 1759, just one hundred and fifty years ago from 
the present month, (March 26, 1909). 

In 1759, on October 2, the Barracks was occupied by a regiment 
of Highlanders, whose gay dresses created a great deal of interest 
among the people in the town. In 1759, an addition was built for 
the exclusive use of the officers in charge of the English troop. 
This house is still standing on the corner of Front and Willow 
Streets. 

The Barracks was intended to shelter 300 men. but at one time 
450 men were quartered there. 



35 



During the Revolutionary War, the Barracks was occupied at 
various times hy companies of British troop, the Hessians, and re- 
cruits for the American Army en route to join their command. 

For two weeks prior to the Battle of Trenton, a party of Eng- 
lish dragoons and some German yagers occupied the building, with 
a large number of Tory refugees. A week after the battle the 
building was filled with American militia, and so continued until the 
end of the war as a place for quartering the soldiers of either army. 

During the Colonial period, soldiers were frequently in the 
town, and among the military records one finds many items of pecu- 
liar interest in reference to the billeting of English troop for lodg- 
ing and subsistence on the inhabitants of Trenton. Trenton, the 
largest outpost of the northern towns of the Delaware Valley, was 
of great value to the British War Department. 

General Stryker states that : 

"The fears of the inhabitants of Trenton of incursions of the 
Indians first found expression in the winter of 1757 by a petition to 
the General Assembly of the Provinces. There are thirty-nine peti- 
tions of a similar character on file in military records of the State." 

This petition recites the dangers of Indian raids and the conse- 
quent necessity of troops, the annoyance of the "quartering" system 
and terminated with a humble request that suitable barracks might 
be erected. It was numerously signed by the magistrates, free- 
holders, and inhabitants of Trenton and nearby places. But it was 
not until the fifteenth day of April, 1758, that a law was passed by 
the Council and General Assembly to provide for the erection of 
barracks : 

"An act for building of Barracks within this Colony, and for 
other purposes therein mentioned." 

"W r hereas, it is found by experience that the admitting of sol- 
diers within private houses in this Colony during their winter 
Quarters is not only attended with a very heavy publick expense 

36 



but many other pernicious consequences to private Families, for 
prevention whereof for the future :" 

"Be it enacted by the Honorable John Reading, Esq., President 
and Commander in Chief of this Colony, the Council and General 
Assembly, and it is hereby enacted by the Authority of the same, 
that it shall and may be lawful for the Treasurers of this Colony 
out of any money now in their Hands, made current for the service 
of the present war, or out of such money as may come into their 
Hands, by virtue of an Act of Assembly passed this session entitled 
"An Act for Augmenting the Regiment of this Colony of New 
Jersey to the number of One Thousand Effective Men," Officers in- 
cluded, and making provision for the same to pay unto Hugh Harts- 
horn, Thomas Scattergood, William Skeels, John Allen, Joseph 
Yard, Theophilus Severns, Reuben Runion, Henry Fisher, Joseph 
Mount, Samuel Nevill, Thomas Barten, John Smyth, Robert Og- 
den, Cornelius Halsted, and Jacob Dehart, Esq'res, or any two of 
them such sum or sums of Money, as they, or any two of them, may 
think necessary for erecting and building Barracks sufficient to con- 
tain three hundred Men, at each of the respective places of Burling- 
ton, Trenton, Perth Amboy, New Brunswick, & Elizabethtown, 
which Barracks they are to build according to their discretion, as 
soon as may be, in the best and most Substantial, most Commodious, 
and frugal Manner they are capable of, together with the necessary 
conveniences thereunto belonging." 

"These Commissioners, or any two of them, residing in the Place 
where the respective Barracks are hereby ordered to be built shall 
forthwith purchase a Suitable piece of Ground not exceeding one 
acre, for erecting the same and take the Advice and Directions of 
the Members of the House of Representatives of the City or County 
where the said Barracks are to be built, respecting the quantity and 
situation of the Ground so to be purchased ; And to the end. the Said 
Ground and building may be effectually secured to the Use oi the 
Province." 

37 



SIGNERS. 

Clotworthy Reed (The Stile Except'd), Jos. Higbee, Theo. 
Severns, W. Morris, Hezekiah Howell, William Clayton, Thomas 
Moore, Charles Axford, Jr., (The stile excepted), Moore Furman, 
William Ball, John Chambers, George Davis, Alex. Anderson, John 
Rickey, William Yard, Thomas Williams, James Cumine, Jethro 
Yard, Daniel Beealergean, William Ely, Obadiah Howell, Jos. Phil- 
lips, Andrew Reed, Thomas Coalman, Benj. Biles, Chas. Tetit, Ed- 
man Beakes, J. Warrell, Jno. Barnes, William Dougless, Samuel 
Tucker. Jr., Neal Leviston, James Rutherford, Jos. De Cou, Robert 
Rutherford, Samuel Tucker, George Davis, Robert Scarff, Michael 
Houdin, George Tucker, Gideon Bickordike, Edward Paxton, John 
Yard, Josiah Appleton, Alex. Chambers, Thomas Barnes, Willson 
Hunt, John Vancleve, Vincent Runyan, Aza'h Hunt, Hezekiah 
Stout, James Stout, David Price, Jonathan Furman, John Anderson, 
Abra. Cottnam, Richard Hoft. 

Soon after the passage of the law a lot was purchased of Mrs. 
Sarah Chubb at a place on the west end of Front Street, where the 
river road entered Trenton. The purchase money was forty pounds, 
and the lot contained about one acre. Joseph Peace, the father of 
Mrs. Chubb, purchased this lot in a tract of thirty-six acres, from 
James Trent, son of William Trent, March 10, 1732, for one hun- 
dred and seventy pounds, silver money. 

The Barracks occupied all the large tract of land that faced the 
west termination of Front Street. Upon the east, the Barrack lot 
was bounded by the River Road, now South Willow Street, and 
Peace Street, which was the later name of the River Road south of 
Front Street. On the South, the property adjoined the lands of 
Stacy Potts ; on the north was the property of Joseph Peace. To 
the W r est, the line extended nearly to the lands now occupied by 
the Capitol. Delaware Street later separated the Barrack lot from 
the State property. 

38 



For several years after the Barracks was finished it was con- 
stantly rilled with troops. 

During the year I/65, peace having been fully established with 
France, the buildings seem to have been unoccupied, and the atten- 
tion of the General Assembly was called to the fact in May of that 
year, and they ordered that the perishable articles therein should 
be sold, that the building should be simply kept in repair, and, if 
possible, rented. 

William Clayton and Abraham Hunt were appointed Commis- 
sioners to carry out the orders of the Legislature of the Province. 
They immediately sold all the furniture in the barracks, the "two 
substantial ladders and the twenty leather buckets excepted." The 
building and premises were rented, a clause in the lease requiring 
them to be given up at any time on Suitable notice from the Gover- 
nor of the Colony, that they were needed for the use of British 
Soldiers. 

From the year 1776 to the breaking out of the Revolutionary 
War, Abraham Hunt and Alexander Chambers, the two leading mer- 
chants in the town, had charge of the building and were called 
Barrack-Masters, and received ten pounds per Annum for their 
services in looking after the property. In less than a year after the 
Sale was made of the furniture of the Barracks, so many of the 
King's Troops were passing through and quartering in the Colony, 
that the General Assembly was compelled again to refit the building, 
give up the rents, and purchase "bedding, blankets, firewood, and 
other necessaries" not to exceed one hundred pounds in value. 

For three years after the war the Barracks remained in disuse. 
On the first day of June. 1786, the General Assembly of the State 
sitting at New Brunswick, directed the Commissioners of this State 
to sell all the Barracks and all the lands Attached and turn the pro- 
ceeds into the Treasury. Moore Furman, of Trenton, one of the 
Commissioners for the State, sold the property February iS. 1787, 

30 



to William Ogden, and William Patterson, for three thousand, two 
hundred and sixty pounds. 

In the year 1813 Front Street was opened Westward one block, 
and forty feet of the building was taken down, and this detached the 
north wing of the Barracks from the Main building. This north 
wing, on the north side of Front, was turned into three residences, 
and the porches on the main building were taken down. 

It is now being restored to its original size and shape. (1915). 

ST. MICHAELS CHURCH. 

Concerning the early history of St. Michael's Church but very 
little is known. The present building was erected in 1751, possibly 
having been begun in 1749. It was largely rebuilt in 1819, only the 
side walls were left standing. In 1846-7 the Church was brought 
forward to its present frontage on Warren Street, towers and doors 
added, and the large window in front given the place of the former 
central door. 

From the data collected it seems clear that the Church of Eng- 
land organized a mission in this vicinity as far back as 1703. That 
mission was sustained by the Agent of the "Society for the Propa- 
gation of the Gospel in the Foreign Parts" for a number of years. 

The first rector of St. Michael's Church was the Rev. Michael 
Houdin. and the names of many of Trenton's most distinguished 
citizens were enrolled in its membership. When the British were 
in Trenton they used the Church for a stable, and it was used as a 
barracks by the Von Lossberg Regiment. 

THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

The First Presbyterian Church of Trenton was built subsequent 
to the Presbyterian Church in Hopewell (now Ewing), and was an 

40 



antiquated stone building, about thirty feet front by the same in 
depth, and seated about three hundred persons. "The Society" 
was formed in 1712, and in 1726 the Church was built. 

In the year 1756 the Church was incorporated by George II. 
The old stone Church must have stood for about eighty years, as it 
remained there until 1804, when it was taken down and a large brick 
church was erected on the same spot in 1805. It was placed about 
twenty feet back from the street with a tower in the center, and 
surmounted by a steeple. 

In 1838. the Church was rebuilt and was erected in the center of 
the yard. 

In 1790, the Rev. James Francis Armstrong had charge of the 
two congregations of Trenton and Maidenhead, but in 1806, he ac- 
cepted a call from Trenton, and officiated here only. General Rail 
and a number of British soldiers are interred in the church yard. 

The original Charter is still preserved. It is recorded in Book 
2-P. 163-State House. 

While the new church was being built, Mr. Armstrong preached 
on every alternate Sabbath in the Episcopal Church, the rector of 
which, Dr. Waddell, had a charge at Bristol, as Mr. Armstrong 
had at Maidenhead. The new church was opened for its sacred uses 
August 17. 1806. 

HANOVER STREET MEETING HOUSE. 

During the struggle for American Independence this meeting 
house was occupied by the British Light Dragoons in the winter of 
1776. 

It was built in 1739. An interesting record in connection with 
the occupation of the Meeting House by the Hessians is found in the 
minutes of the Chesterfield monthly meeting held the first of eighth 
month, 1776. 

41 



The Meeting House in Trenton belonging to Friends having been 
used by the Convention or Congress of this Province to meet in, 
and also the Soldiers in passing through from Pennsylvania to Am- 
boy and Woodbridge have been quartered therein. Therefore this 
meeting appoints Isaiah Robins, Amos Middleton, John Bullock, 
Benjamin Clarke, and Benjamin Linton to inspect into the case and 
see how far our Antient Testimony against War, hath been main- 
tained and supported, and report to next Meeting. 

George Clymer (the signer) is buried in the Meeting House 
yard. He was born in Philadelphia, June 10, 1739, died at Mor- 
risville, January 23, 1813. 

FIRST METHODIST PREACHING HOUSE IN NEW JERSEY, AND 
THIRD IN THE UNITED STATES. 

This Church was started with a society of nineteen persons in 
Trenton in 1772, by Francis Asbury. 

The Meeting House stood on the north-east corner of Broad and 
Academy Streets. The first house was built in 1773, frame; second 
house in 1806, brick ; third house, 1838, brick ; and the fourth in 
1894, stone and brick, now standing on Broad Street, a little below 
State. 

During the battle of Trenton, General Rail was carried into 
the old Church when wounded. 

Names of the nineteen persons who are supposed to have com- 
posed the society in 1772: 

Joseph Coy and wife; James Emmerson and wife; George Ely 
and wife ; Robert Singer and wife ; Alexander Carr and wife ; Jona- 
than Bann and wife ; Jacob Link and wife ; Conrad Kotts and wife ; 
John Fitch, Jemima Ely, Job Phillips. 

The joint meeting of the Legislature was held in this building in 
May and June, 1779. 

42 



The Baptist denomination held their first meetings in the old 
Court House, and the Rev. Peter Wilson, of Hightstown, delivered 
here his memorable discourses. In 1801, Colonel Peter Hunt, of 
Lamberton, presented to the Baptist friends a lot of ground on 
which to build a Meeting House. This was built and the Church 
was formally opened on the 26th of November, 1803. 



MARKET HOUSES. 



In 1792, a market house stood on Warren Street, commencing at 
State, and extending to the north for about sixty feet. It stood in 
the middle of the street and the town pump was at the southern end 
of it near Abraham Hunt's store. 

In 1793, a new market house was built in the middle of Second 
Street (now State) between King and Queen Streets (now Warren 
and Broad). 

An old market stood on Market Street, but it is not known when 
it was built. It had a second story which was used as a school room, 
and the building had a steeple containing a bell, which rang daily to 
summon the scholars. It was pulled down in 1841, as it was consid- 
ered unsafe and there was danger of its falling. 

The market houses on State Street were pulled down in 1845, 
and markets were erected on Green Street. These started at State 
Street and extended northward for a couple of squares. They 
were taken down in 1870. 

There were also smaller market houses, one on Mill 1 1 ill, and one 
in Bloomsbury, at the corner of Warren and Bridge Streets. 



43 



(§ih liDUfltfa attb uJauntts 

BLOOMSBURY COURT. 

Bloomsbury Court, on South Warren Street, was the home of 
Chief Justice William Trent. 

It afterward became the property of Chief Justice Robert Let- 
tis Hooper, and in 1776 was occupied by Doctor William Bryant, 
a loyalist. 

The next year Colonel John Cox purchased it for his Country 
Seat. 

This quaint old Colonial place, with its famed rose gardens 
and lawns, seems to belong to the Trenton of yesterday, with its 
high bricked wall gardens and shady streets. An English visitor of 
the eighteenth century compared it to a Devonshire house. The old 
place was occupied by many persons of note, one of the most 
prominent was John Cox, the assistant quartermaster to General 
Greene. When the Cox's lived there the old-fashioned drawing 
rooms were always crowded with the best society. He had six 
charming daughters. 

Washington and his wife visited at Bloomsbury. Lafayette, 
Rochambeau, and other noted Frenchmen were frequently enter- 
tained. The house has been considerably altered and enlarged in 
late years. 

The place was originally a large farm, called Bloomsbury farms, 
comprising a large part of the southern portion of the town, at that 
time called Bloomsbury. The old tennant house, or gate-keepers' 
lodge was still standing in 1908 on the south-west corner of Market 
and Union Streets. 

The Main House (at Bloomsbury Court) was built of bricks 
brought from England as ballast by the Trent and Penn Merchant- 

44 



men, and is still standing (1916) in excellent condition. Its in- 
terior is very interesting. The old paper on the hall walls came 
from Alsace-Lorraine, and is hand-painted, with views of Eldorado 
scenery. At the time that Trenton was being talked over as the 
probable Capital of the United States, many distinguished visitors 
were entertained at "Bloomsbury Court," among whom were Wash- 
ington and Lady in 1789. Mrs. Cox was among the Matrons who 
received him, and all of her daughters took part in the festivities. 
The two younger daughters, Sarah Cox, who afterward became the 
wife of Dr. John Redman Cox, and Elizabeth the wife of Horace 
Binney, were flower girls by the famous Arch. Close to the side of 
the house is a beautiful ash tree, said to have been planted by Wil- 
liam Trent, and is still standing ( 191 5) in a hardy condition. Under 
the shade of the ash tree, and the box-wood, hundreds of roses 
bloomed in the long ago, fair white hearts and glories-de-Dijon, 
loved and tended by the Demoiselles Chevalieo, the French aunts 
of Mrs. John Cox." William Penn also visited at Bloomsbury, and 
the Count Jean-de-Ferson who was very popular. 

This place afterward became the home of the Redmond family, 
and of Miss Redmond, who married Mr. Edward Cooper, (at one 
time Mayor of New York), and who was the son of the distin- 
guished philanthropist, Peter Cooper. 

THE HERMITAGE. 

The Hermitage was erected by the Rutherford family some 
years previous to the Revolution. It was bought from Robert Let- 
tis Hooper just before the Battle of Trenton, by General Philemon 
Dickinson, a dauntless soldier of the Revolution, and who was 
Commander of the New Jersey Militia during the whole period of 
the War. 

The Hermitage was used by the Hessians in December. 177''. 
as a picket-post. In later years a portion of the original building 

45 



was torn down and a more modern one built. Many prominent 
people were entertained in the old homestead. Here Madam 
Moreau, the beautiful Parisian, displayed her wonderful pearls and 
played on the harp to select Audiences, and Louis Philippe, the 
future King, was entertained. 

When Alexander Hamilton journeyed to Philadelphia on govern- 
ment business with his beautiful daughter Angelica for a companion, 
they stopped in Trenton, and visited General Dickinson. Jefferson, 
Livingston, Franklin, and Joseph Bonaparte were also visitors, and 
John Adams spent a great part of his time here during the Cholera 
scare in Philadelphia in 1798. 

Other visitors were Robert and Gouveneur Morris, George Cly- 
mer, Witherspoon, Rutledge, Pinckney, Middleton. The whispering 
room of the Hermitage was one of the most famous rooms in the 
Social history of New Jersey. The main part of the house is still 
standing (1916). 

Colonel Lambert Cadwalader, of the Continental Troop, had his 
country seat on the River Road, a short distance beyond the Her- 
mitage, at present (Cadwalader Manor). He purchased this place 
in 1776. 

On the corner of Market and Union Streets stood the old stone 
house, the gate keeper's lodge to "Bloomsbury Court." 

Bernard Hanlon lived in the stone house at Millham ( East Tren- 
ton) opposite the flouring mills. 

HARGOUS HOUSE. 

This house is still standing (1916) on Seward Avenue. It was 
occupied by Louis Hargous. He was a famous host, fond of enter- 
taining his friends. In 1803, history records that Captain John 
Hargous and John B. Sartori bought a plot of land (at what is 

46 



now the corner of Lamberton and Market Streets) and gave it to 
the Roman Catholics. On this ground was built the first Roman 
Catholic Church of Trenton. 

It is thought that Hargous and Sartori came to this country 
together. Sartori was an Italian of noble birth and Hargous came 
from a French family of high standing. This first church was 
known as St. John's Chapel of West New Jersey. 

MR. JOHN D. SARTORl's HOUSE. 

The house now occupied by the American Bridge Company on 
Federal Street was built by Mr. Sartoris. where he lived as early as 
1811. 

The Roman Catholics having no church at the time, services 
were conducted in Mr. Sartori's house by Father Carr. of Philadel- 
phia, and Father Hurley; afterwards through the influence of Mr. 
Sartori and other gentlemen, a church was built at the corner of 
Lamberton and Market Streets. 

Mr. Sartori later returned to Italy, his home. John Hewitt 
lived in this house in 1850. 

THOMAS LAMBERT. 

Thomas Lambert lived in Lamberton, between Cliff and Landing 
Streets ; the house was taken down some time ago. The place re- 
ceived its name from him. 

NATHAN BEAKES' HOUSE. 

Nathan Beakes lived on Beakes Lane (now Princeton Avenue) 
about a quarter of a mile beyond the Washington Monument, on 
the west side of the avenue. He married Mary, a daughter of Wil- 
liam Trent 2nd, and she was the last of the name in Trenton. 

47 



THE BEAUTIFUL SEAT OF BELLEVILLE. 

Sir John Sinclair's Mansion at the "Falls of the Delaware," on 
the river road, was a pleasant rural retirement. 

Sir John Sinclair lived here. He was in Braddock's Army when 
it arrived here in 1755, and was Lieutenant Colonel of the 22nd 
Regiment and Deputy Quartermaster General for all the forces in 
America. 

Sir John was a Baronet of Nova Scotia. He was first to occupy 
this mansion, that afterward came into the possession of Lord Stir- 
ling, and then to Mr. Rutherford. 

The three families were connected. The house was later on 
tenanted by Robert Lettis Hooper. It was removed and a modern 
house built, the home of the Richey family. 

BOW HILL. 

Joseph Bonaparte made his home here at one time. This beau- 
tiful place was built shortly after the Revolution, and was owned by 
Barnet De Klyn, (at that time it Avas a large plantation), and he 
lived in all the splendor of a lord of the soil, with a host of ser- 
vants. The old house is still in the possession of descendants of 
De Klyn's (the Lalor family). It is a picturesque old place, situated 
on a high bluff, overlooking the river, in the lower part of the city. 

Barnet De Klyn rented this place at one time to Joseph Bona- 
parte, who returned to France in 1830. 

KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS HOUSE. 

Erected by Robert McNeely, Mayor of Trenton, 1814-1832, who 
was a prosperous tanner. 

Robert McNeely came to Trenton in 1791 and purchased a large 
tract of land on the west side of Warren Street and running west- 

48 



ward to Willow Street, on the back part of this property along Put- 
ty's Run, he had a large tannery, and carried on the business with 
his son for a great many years. A part of this property was sold 
in 1811, and in 1812 a State Bank was erected there. The old build- 
ing still stands (1916). At one time a private school was held in it. 
Before the bank was erected, a tavern, the Royal Oak, stood on the 
same site. Later it took the name of the Green Tree. John Adams 
resided here at one time. The entire tract north and west of the tav- 
ern comprised 16 acres, and was known as Doud's Dale. 

Immedately in front of this house three brass cannon were cap- 
tured from the Hessians, by Washington's men. 

"Place his statue where the beams of morning 

Shall earliest kiss his brow, 
Where he who led the hope of Freedom's dawning 

May herald sunrise now. 
There build the Monument, record the story 

And while our waters run 
Let the first name upon our page of glory 

Be written Washington!" 

Below St. Mary's Cathedral, John Fitch, inventor of the steam- 
boat, carried on business in a modest way. 

Miss Polly and Sally Barnes, who lived on Warren Street, had 
at the back of their dwelling the old Arch, and afterward the Misse- 
Armstrong had it in their possession. The only piece of Arch which 
now remains is in the Battle Monument in this city. 



49 




THE DOUGLASS HOUSE. 



Captain Alexander Douglass' house was situated on the south 
side of Broad Street, a little below Mrs. Richmond's hotel (Wash- 
ington's Headquarters), and here it was, in a small front room. 



5o 



that General St. Clair had his quarters, after the American Army 
had recrossed on the east side of the Delaware, during the week after 
the Hessians were taken in Trenton, on the 26th of December, 1776. 
It was here that the celebrated Council of War was held, which was 
to decide the fate of our struggle for independence. At that coun- 
cil General Washington presided and Generals Greene, Sullivan, Mer- 
cer', Knox, St. Clair, Stevens, Dickinson, Cadwalader, Mifflin, Wilk- 
inson, Stark and other officers assisted. When the new Lutheran 
Church was built, this house was moved to 478 Centre Street. 

The historic old house will be removed to Mahlon Stacy Park 
in the near future ( 1916). 

Stacy Potts' commodious frame house stood on Warren Street, 
on the present site of the parsonage of St. Mary's Roman Catholic 
Cathedral. This was the headquarters of Colonel Rail, at the time 
of the Battle of Trenton. After the war was over, the President 
of the Continental Congress resided there. 

The Barnes family lived where the Third Presbyterian Church 
now stands. Mr. Barnes was a druggist, and advertised his salves. 
ointments, etc., in Isaac Collins' Trenton Gazette. 

Isaac DeCow lived on the north corner of DeCow's Alley, in a 
brick house, afterward used as an official residence by President 
Adams, in 1798. It was afterward known as the Phoenix Hotel. 

Abraham Hunt's house and store was on the north-west corner 
of Warren and State Streets (the present site of Charles Stuckert's 
drug store). Colonel Rail was entertained by him December 25th, 
1776. 

THE CI TV TAVERN. 

The City Tavern stood where the Mechanics National Bank now 
stands, on the south-west corner of State and Warren Streets. 
This house was built by John Dag worthy, about the year 1760. 



It was two stories high, built of mud and stuccoed. It was quite 
a large building. The front door was reached by eight steps, which 




STACY POTTS. 



extended either way. from north and south, and similar to those 
fronting the building which now occupies the same spot (1916). 

This building was afterward converted into a tavern, and it was 
called the City Tavern; it was occupied for that purpose until its 
removal in 1837. 




STACY POTTS HOUSE. 

Governor Livingston, when in Trenton, made this his home. 

The Citizens of the town gave a Dinner and Reception to Gen- 
eral Washington in this Tavern on April 2ist, [789, on the 
day when he passed through Trenton on his way to New \ ork to 
he inaugurated first President of the United States. 

At one time this Inn was called the "French Anns." and previous 
to that, "The Thirteen Stars," kept at that time by Air. Bergen. 
The Continental Congress met here in 1784. In 1740 Governor 
Morris lived here. 

53 




Richard Henry Lee, 
president of the continental congress in 1 784. 

In 1784, the Continental Congress met here, and defeated the 
plan of making Trenton the Capital of the United States. The 
President of the Continental Congress occupied the house of Stacy 
Potts, a large commodious house, which was demolished in 1857. 

Where the American House now stands ( 1916) was the house 
of Isaac Smith, who was with Washington in his retreat through 
the "Jerseys" — Physician-Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 
of New Jersey — and first President of the Trenton Banking Co. 

Aaron D. Woodruff, in 1810, lived in a house that stood on the 
north-east corner of what is now Broad and Hanover Streets. He 



54 



held the office of Attorney General of the State for twenty-four 
years, and was first Grand Mason of New Jersey. 

BLAZING STAR TAVERN OR INDIAN KING. 

The Blazing Star Tavern stood in King Street (N. Warren), 
on the west side, now the site of the "Alhamhra" (1916). At one 
time it was called "The Sign of Frederick, the Great." 

It was in this building that the Constitution of the United States 
was ratified by the Convention of New Jersey in 1787, and where 
the Council and General Assembly of New Jersey several times met 
in the early part of the State's existence. This tavern was owned 
and conducted by Francis Witt, from 1781-1790. It was afterward 
owned by John D. Green, and he called it "The Indian King." It 
was kept by William Yard. 

THE INDIAN QUEEN. 

The Indian Queen Tavern stood on the west side of Warren 
Street on the spot where the United States Hotel once stood and on 
the present site of the Trent Theatre (1916). It was kept at one 
time by Edmund Burke. According to tradition, "Mrs. Brittain 
kept a public house there," but it is certainly known that Dr. Nicolas 
Belleville boarded with her after 1778 — while a joint meeting of 
the Legislature met there which elected William Livingston Gov- 
ernor of New Jersey. 

THE ROYAL OAK. 

"The Royal Oak" was a famous hostelry on account of local 
trade, and by reason of its central location ; it was kept by Rensse- 
laer Williams. It afterward became the "Green Tree," with a sign 
showing a beaver gnawing at the bar, and the sign — Perseverando. 

55 



It was situated on the north-west corner of Warren and Bank 
Streets. Before the Revolution, a frame house stood there, the 
home of Abraham Cottnam, in 1776. In the rear of the house, a 
branch of Petty's Run ran to the river through an apple orchard. 
In 181 j, a State Hank was chartered and erected there. The old 
buildmg is siill standing (1916). The Marquis de Chaselleux vis- 
ited at the Royal ( )ak in 1788. This property was called at one time 
Doud's Dale 




THE EAGLE TAVERN. 

This tavern seems to be colonial, as it must have stood there 
before the Revolution, it having been used at that time by the sol- 

56 



diers. It was here that passengers on the Old Post Road (between 
New York and Philadelphia) stopped for refreshment. Miss Mary 
Dagworthy, who was active in caring for the sick and wounded 
soldiers, and who strewed flowers in Washington's pathway at the 
bridge, lived and taught school where the tavern now stands. A 
portion of the house still remains. This tavern is still standing on 
the north-west corner of Broad and Ferry Streets (1916). 

HOUSE OF MAJOR JOHN BARNES, LOYALIST. 

The house of Major John Barnes ( of the First Battalion New 
Jersey Volunteers) stood on what is now the south-west corner of 
Broad and Lafayette Streets. It was on the banks of the Assunpink 
Creek. Before the second Battle of Trenton, from December 31st 
to January 2nd, this house was used by General Washington as his 
headquarters. 

The old Masonic Hall has lately been moved from Front Street 
to Mahlon Stacy Park (1915). It was in this building that General 
Robert Anderson (Hero of Fort Sumpter) was made a Mason, and 
where Aaron D. Woodruff was made first Grand Mason of New 
Jersey. 

AT THE SIGN OF DOCTOR FRANKLIN. 

This tavern was located on the present site of the Trenton 
House. Francis Witt kept this house and received his license from 
tbe City Council of Trenton on April 28th, 1794. 

THE BULL'S HEAD. 

This tavern was located about half way between Broad and 
Warren Streets, on the south side of the street, the entrance to the 
present Arcade having been the entrance to the back of tbc tavern. 

57 



and to the stables. This afterwards was called the Farmers' Inn, 
and then the Mansion Honse. 

EAGLE TAVERN ON WARREN STREET. 

This tavern stood where the Third Presbyterian Church now 
stands. It was a frame building, and was formerly occupied by 
Judge Trent, of Philadelphia, as his summer residence. 

THE BULL HEAD TAVERN. 

This tavern was situated about half way between Broad and 
Montgomery Streets, on the south side of State Street. It was the 
largest building on the block. 

JENNY LIND. 

The Jenny Lind tavern was located on the south-east corner 
of Warren and Ferry Streets. This tavern probably received its 
name from the famous singer, who was in Trenton at one time, and 
who probably stayed at this house. It was pulled down about fif- 
teen years ago. 

"the legonier/" or black horse tavern. 

This was a noted Trenton tavern. It stood on the north-west 
corner of Broad and Front Streets. The first courts of Hunterdon 
County were held in this inn in 17 19, and William Yard was the 
Clerk of the Court. The tavern was built by William Yard, who 
came to Trenton in 17 10. It was at one time kept by Robert Ruth- 
erford, whose daughter, Francis Mary, eloped with Colonel Fort- 
escue, a British officer, which created quite a sensation in the town 
at the time. 

58 



"THE BLAZING STAR" AT TRENTON FERRY LANDING. 

This Inn was situated near the Trenton Ferry, or lower ferry, 
in 1750. It was called the Wheatsheaf, and was kept by Rensslaer 
Williams, but after he left to take the Royal Oak Inn, it was kept 
by Thomas Janney. It is still standing and is called "The Blooms- 
bury." 

THE WILLOW TREE TAVERN. 

This tavern was on the east side of Broad Street, quite near the 
Brunswick road. It was originally the home of Thomas Cannon, 
a soldier in Spencer's Regiment of the Continental Army. 

ALEXANDER THE GREAT. 

This tavern stood where the American House now stands as 
early as 1778. It was owned by Captain Joseph Clumm. He also 
owned the property below, including the "BLAZING STAR" prop- 
erty. Harrison Palmer, of New York, afterward owned this prop- 
erty which he sold to William and Robert Chambers on July 22, 
1780. The property was divided between the brothers — -Robert 
taking the lower portion which contained the "BLAZING STAR" 
Tavern, while William Chambers took the remainder. 



PHOENIX HOTEL. 

This Hotel was on the north corner of DeCow's Alley. Esaac 
DeCow lived here at one time and in 1798 it was used as an official 
residence by President Adams. 



59 




THE TRUE AMERICAN INN JONATHAN RICHMOND S TAVERN. 

On South Broad Street, " Mill Hill," Headquarters of 
General Washington, Jan. 2, 1777. 

This Inn, Headquarters of General Washington January 1st and 
2nd, 1777, built in 1760. Here was quartered the Von Haustein 
Company of the VonLorsberg Regiment. Site on East Side of 
South Broad Street, just South of Lafayette Street. 



THE TAVERN OF MRS. RACHEL STELLE. 

This tavern was loeated on the south-east corner of North War- 
ren and Perry Streets. The Legislature sat in this Inn on Septem- 
ber 1 8th, 1776. 

FOX CHASE TAVERN. 

The Fox Chase tavern was kept by Mrs. Joseph Bond. Here 
was located the principal picket of the Trenton Cantonment, con- 

60 



sisting of about seventy-five men, officers and privates, who did 
sentinel and watch duty in the town, west side of what is now 
Brunswick Avenue, nearly opposite Montgomery Street. 

NEWBOLD HOUSE. 

The Newbold House stood where Ribsam's building now stands 
at S. Broad and Front Streets., and this spot is very historic. The 
gabled windowed, hip roofed house that stood there was standing 
during the stormy days of the Revolution opposite the Black Horse 
Tavern. It was owned and occupied by Joshua Newbold, a sturdy 
Quaker ; the next house to the north was the home of Thomas Ryall. 
These houses were near to the place where the Washington Arch 
was erected, and on the occasion of Washington's Entry through 
Trenton, one can believe that a distinguished group of citizens met 
at the Newbold House. 

This house later came into the possesion of Lieut. Benjamin 
Brearley, a distinguished soldier of the War of 1812, who had mar- 
ried the daughter of his next door neighbor, Miss Susan Ryall. His 
father was Brigadier General Brearley, of Revolutionary fame, and 
his brother, David Brearley was chief Justice of New Jersey in 
1776. The property changed hands a number of times, and it was 
said of it "that it was a lucky house." 

HESSIAN HEADQUARTERS GUARD HOUSE. 

Pontius Dillery Stille lived in the late William Potts house on 
Warren Street. South of Stille's residence, adjoining St. Michael's 
Church, was an alley called Stille's Alley ; his store was on the cor- 
ner of Warren and this alley. This house was used by the Hes- 
sians as a Guard House. 

There was a small stone tavern on West Front Street, between 
Broad and Warren, on the north side, one and a half stories high, 

61 



which was called "Ship and Castle ;" this house is probably the one 
now standing on the corner of Peace Street and the one occupied 
by Phineas Pemberton, at an early date, and in which the town 
meetings were held. 

The State Bank commenced operations in the year 1811. Their 
first banking house was at No. 22 East State Street. The last offi- 
cers of the institution were Abner Reeder, and George Weston, 
teller. In 181 2, they built their banking house on the north-west 
corner of Warren and Bank Streets. It ceased operation in the year 
T822. The old building is still standing (1916). 

THE OLD COURT HOUSE. 

The old Court House and "gaol" stood on the spot where the 
Trenton Bank now stands. It was a two-story building, built of 
sandstone, erected about 1730. The wall of the old building still 
stands in the rear of the bank. It is generally believed that the 
Provincial Congress and Council of Safety of New Jersey held their 
meetings in this building. 

A shot struck this building on the evening of January 2, 1777. 

It was conveyed to the Trenton Banking Company by the Board 
of Chosen Freeholders of the County of Hunterdon, May 8, 1814, 
just one hundred years after it was purchased by William Trent, 
by whom it is said (tradition) the lot was given to the county. 

An old house known as the Pike house, and which stood a little 
above Hunt's Alley (now Sterling's Alley), was probably the home 
of Henry Pike, as in the Trenton Federalist for April 26th, 1819, it 
speaks of the house, and tallow Chandlery, belonging to Henry 
Pike, near Mr. Hunt's stables. 



62 



Notice m\b KtmrtiBtmtntB (Unjririi from 
(§ih ©rptttott Papers. 



Trenton, Feb. 17, 1800. 

A PROCLAMATION 
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

Whereas, the Congress of the United States of America have 
this day resolved : 

"That it be recommended to the people of the United States to 
assemble on the twenty-second day of February next, in such num- 
bers and manner as may be convenient, publicly to testify their grief 
for the death of General George Washington, by suitable eulogies, 
orations, and discourses, or by public prayers ; and — 

"That the President be requested to issue a proclamation for the 
purpose of carrying the foregoing resolution into effect — 

"Now therefore, I, John Adams, President of the United States 
of America, do hereby proclaim the same accordingly — 

Given under my hand and seal of the United States, at Philadel- 
phia, the sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord— One Thou- 
sand Eight Hundred, and of the Independence of the said States 
the twenty- fourth — 

John Adams. 

TIMOTHY PICKERING, SECRETARY OF STATE. 

The Rev. Mr. Waddell, will deliver a discourse on the death of 
General Washington, at the Episcopal Church, in tin's city, on Sat- 
urday next. 

63 



Trenton, February 28. 
Wednesday last being the 65th anniversary of the birthday of 
George Washington, President of the United States, it was com- 
memorated in this city by firing a federal salute, the illumination 
of the State House, and by various other marks of the joy and sat- 
isfaction experienced on that event — From The State Gazette, and 
New Jersey Advertiser — 1797. 

AT PUBLIC VENDUE. 

On Thursday, the seventh day of September next, at ten in the 
forenoon, that elegant seat called Belleville, late the residence of 
Robert L. Hooper, deceased, containing about a 100 acres, and sit- 
uated on the river Delaware — a tract of woodland and cleared land, 
situated above Titus' (late Motts') Mills. 
Aug. 12, 1797. 

From the State Gazette and New Jersey Advertiser. 

TO BE SOLD. 

That noted stand as a Tavern in Trenton, known by the name 
of the "Indian Queen." — To this house there are stables, carriages, 
house, etc., annexed, all in good repair. Also for sale, the House 
and Lot in Bristol now occupied as a tavern by David Olden, and 
formerly known by the name of the King of Prussia — to this house 
are also commodious stables, with other necessary outbuildings, in 
good repair. For terms and further particulars apply to Charles 
Axford, in Trenton ; George Brown, at Morrisville ; Joseph Chun. 
Esq., at Bristol, or the subscriber in Philadelphia. 

Dec. 26, 1796. John Polhemus. 

From the State Gazette and New Jersey Advertiser. 

Note: — This Number Completes the 5th Volume of the State 
Gazette & New Jersey Advertiser. In these hard times a little Cash 

64 



would be very acceptable. To such of his patrons who have made 
punctual payments, he returns his warmest acknowledgments. And 
to such who are, from Two to Five years in arrears, he is necessi- 
tated to inform them that their accounts will be 

August 29, 1797. The Printer. 



EARTHEN WARE. 
MANUFACTORY. 

NEARLY OPPOSITE THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN TRENTON. 



THIS DAY S GAZETTE. 



No. 135, begins the year. 

The price is fixed by the quarter at one-third of a dollar, to be 
paid in produce, or half a dollar in gold or silver, or the current 
exchange thereof in Continental money at the time of payment. 

The great expense of paper and printing renders it indispensably 
necessary that the Cash payments be punctually made at the end of 
every quarter, and those who pay in produce, once a year. 

Trenton, July 19, 1780. Isaac Collins. 



wanted. 

A Good Schoolmistress who can teach Reading, and most kinds 
of Needle-work, Knitting, etc. Apply to the Printer of this paper. 
N. J. Gazette, 

Wednesday, May 24, 1780. 

65 



ROBERT SINGER 

OF TRENTON, HAS FOR SALE 

A number of good broad cloths of various colours, coatings, 
dowlas, Russia Sheeting, Chintzes, Silk patterns for gowns, Checks ; 
A variety of handkerchiefs, rum, sugar, tea, coffee, pepper, alspice, 
black and while silk for bonnets, carpets for tables, or floors, men's 
stockings, shoe-buckles, and various other tilings too tedious to men- 
tion. 

Also, a young Negro Woman, with her child ten months old. 
Oct. ii, 1780. The X. J. Gazette. 

Trenton, Feb. to. 
Wednesday last 11 is Excellency, General Washington and Lady, 
with their retinue, passed through this town on their way to Camp 

1/79- 

The X. I. Gazette. 



FUNERAL PROCESSION IN HONOR TO THE MEMORY 
OF GENERAL WASHINGTON. 

At half-past 10, the military and citizens assembled in Warren 
Street, and the military being formed with their left opposite the 
Episcopal Church and their right extending up the street northward. 
The Bier on which was deposited the General's hat, gloves, and 
sword, was brought out of the Church, preceded by the Rev., the 
Clergy, and followed by the Mayor, and Common Council in deep 
black.' 

As it passed to its place in the procession, it was received by the 
troop with presented arms, the officers. Colours, and music salut- 

66 



ing. At 11 o'clock the minute guns began to fire and the bells to 
toll ; the procession then moved off to the State House in the follow- 
ing order : 

TRUMPETS. 

Advance Guard of Cavalry. Mounted. 

Capt. Claypoole's Company of Infantry. 

Capt. Yard's Company of Artillery. 

Capt. Smith's troop of Horse, dismounted. 

Capt. Gordon's, Capt. Perrine's, and Capt. Hunt's Companies of 
Infantry from Burlington County under Major Collins. 

The Military marched by sections with reversed arms, and col- 
ours in mourning. 

Music, also in mourning (drums muffled), playing a dead 
march. The General's horse dressed in mourning and led by a 
dragoon. 

OK \TOR. 

Clergy two and two. 

PALL BEARERS PALL BEARERS 

Major Phillips Capt. Phillips 

Colonel Stout BIER Col. Beatty 

Gen. Brearley Gen. Bloomheld 

Carried by four Dragoons. 
Governor and Suite. 



MEMBERS OF THE CINCINNATI. 

Masons bearing the Insignia of their order, clothed with badge 
of mourning; each brother carrying a sprig of Cypress. 

67 



Military Officers, in uniform. 

Vice President of the State, and Speaker of the House of 
Assembly. 

Members of the Legislature. 
Judiciary Officers and Gentlemen of the Bar. 
Common Council preceded by the Mayor, strangers, citizens. 
Rear Guard of Cavalry, mounted. 
Jan. 20, 1800. 

From the Trenton Federalist. 

The "Federal Post," or "Trenton Weekly Mercury" was printed 
in 1788 by Ouquelle & Wilson, on the north side of Front Street 
opposite the English Church. 

(Warren Street was, at that time, called Front Street.) 



WATCH MAKING. 

"Time is money", so saith Father Abraham, if I mistake not, in 
his sermon upon economy. 

Such being the fact, it highly becomes all to mark well how it 
goes. The subscriber, therefore, again tenders his service to the 
public in the line of his profession. 

TO MARK THE FLEETING MOMENTS AS THEY PASS. 

In repairing and putting into due order, watches, clocks, and 
time pieces, on the shortest notice, and most reasonable terms, a1 
his old stand in Warren Street, Trenton, nearly opposite the Tem- 
ple of Bacchus, vulgarly called the Indian Queen Tavern, where all 
orders in the line of watch repairing will be thankfully received and 
punctually executed. 



AN APPRENTICE WANTED AT SAID BUSINESS. 

So, no more at present (as the girls end their love letters ) from 
yours 'till death. 

Trenton, July 1 6, 1807. Erastus Emmons. 

Trenton Federalist. 

new millinery store. 

The subscriber informs her friends, and the public, that she has 
on hand, and intends to keep an assortment of articles in the above 
line, particularly 

plain and straw bonnets, 
made in a neat and handsome manner, next door to Thomas C. Ster- 
ling's and nearly opposite the Bank, Trenton. 

Hannah Howell, 
Trenton Federalist, 181 2. late Corlis. 



WILLIAM SIMONS. 

WARREN street. 

Near the City Hotel, respectfully informs the public that he has on 
hand a good assortment of jewelry, confectionery, and fruit of all 
kinds, also, Spanish and common segars, tobacco, and snuff. Like- 
wise Best Philadelphia Porter. 

Trenton Federalist. 
June 1, 1812. Printed by George Sherman. 

A black boy for sale for a term of years, about i<) years of age. 
He is healthy, stout, sober, and honest. He understands all kinds 

60 



of farming business. Inquire of the subscriber living in upper 
Freehold. Monmouth Count}-, about four miles from Allentown. 

William Blackwell. 
May 23, 1812. Trenton Federalist. 



MRS. HOPKIN'S BOARDING SCHOOL. 

At an examination held at Airs. Hopkins Boarding School 
Bloomsbury, Trenton, N. J., on Saturday the 10th instant, the 
honors, consisting of silver medals, were adjudged to the following 
young ladies by the Rev. Dr. Smith, President, and the Rev. Dr. 
Hunter, professor of mathematics of the College of Princeton, the 
Rev. Dr. Allison of Bordentown. and Richard Stockton, Esq., of 
Princeton. 

FIRST CLASS. 

For reading Miss Allison, of Bordentown. 

For writing and arithmetic Miss Briscoe, of Maryland. 

For grammar Miss Stockton, of Princeton 
For geography and the use of 

the globes Miss Rhea, of Trenton. 

For history and chronology Miss Ritchie, of Philadelphia. 

For music Miss Wells, of Delaware. 

For drawing Miss Applegate, of New Jersey. 

SECOND CLASS. 

For reading Miss Bedford, of Philadelphia. 

For writing and arithmetic Miss S. Allison, of Bordentown. 

For geography Miss Snyder, of Philadelphia. 



Airs. Hopkins tenders thanks to the above gentlemen for their 
polite attendance, and delicately judicious distribution of the 
honors. 

Vacation ends on Saturday the 4th of May, Bloomsbury, April 
21, 1805. 

Trenton, May 6. Trenton Federalist. 

The Washington Benevolent Society of Trenton will meet at the 
Indian Queen Tavern on Monday evening next. 

The Brethern are particularly requested to attend. 
December 1812. Trenton Federalist. 

NEW JERSEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Animal meeting. The Society will meet at Trenton in the City 
Hall on Thursday, the 15th instant at i2: l / 2 o'clock, P. M. for the 
transaction of business. The Animal Address, by Bishop Doane, 
will be delivered at 2: T /, P. M. The Members of the Society and its 
friends will dine at Snowden's at 4. The cars leave for the east- 
ward at 7 P. M. it is hoped that all the members will be present. 

Dec. 1845. J- p - Bradley, Rec. Sec. 

State Gazette. 

rill'; STERLING. 

The "Government House" in the city of Trenton having recently 
been rebuilt, much enlarged and arranged with a view to accom- 
modate permanent and transient boarders, has been taken and fitted 
up by the subscribers, who will be happy to accommodate all those 
who are disposed to encourage the undertaking. 

Members of the Bar and Legislature and others having business 
at the Courts and State House will find the above a Convenient loca- 



tion, and the proprietor disposed to make their Sojourn with him 
Comfortable. 

Trenton, Dec. 29, 1845. Horace Smith. 

TRENTON MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. 

William Robertson of this city has been appointed the agent for 
the collection of moneys in the County of Mercer, to aid in the erec- 
tion of a monument at Trenton. 
By order of the Committee. 
Dec. 21, 1846. James W. Wall, Secretary. 

State Gazette. 

NEW RAILROAD LINE. 

To New York and back the same day. The above line will com- 
mence running this day. (Monday,) April 26, 1847, from the Rail 
Road Depot. 

Leaves Trenton at half-past six o'clock A. M. ; Returning, will 
leave New York at 4:^ P. M. 

April 26, 1847. J- H. Sims, Agent. 

4TH julv, 1847. 

According to an honorable and patriotic custom, no paper will 
be issued from this office tomorrow. 



Whitney's railroad meeting. 

A meeting will be held this evening at the Chinese Museum for 
the purpose of considering Mr. Whitney's project for building a 
Railroad to the Pacific. 

Dec. 28, 1846. State Gazette. 

72 



TRENTON DISPENSARY. 

SIGN OF THE GOLDEN MORTAR. 

(on the corner opposite the store of Abraham Hunt) 

FOR SALE. 

A good assortment of Genuine Medicines &c. for all Complaints, 
with directions (gratis) for taking the same. 
Trenton, May 16, 1803. 

FOR SALE. 

By the subscriber, 20,000 acres of West Jersey rights at a 
moderate price on long credit. 

June 6, 1807. Benjamin B. Cooper. 

CITY DISPATCH. 

The Subscriber has opened an office at Charles Hotel in South 
Trenton for the accommodation of the Public. 

Persons having letters for the Trenton Post Office may, by leav- 
ing them at the Despatch Office, depend upon having them carried 
to the Post Office in time for the mails. 

June 21, 1847. John A. Howell. 

1798, Trexton, Monday evening, Sept. 5. 
Among many of the most valuable members of the Community 
who have fallen victims to the prevailing disorders it is with pain 
we notice the name of Dr. Francis Bowes Sayre. formerly of this 
City; in whom, we may in truth say, the public have lost a good 
Man and an Able Physician. He died at Philadelphia yesterday 
morning. Trenton Federalist. 

73 



WANTED TO PURCHASE. 



Cash will be given for a Black Hoy of good Character, from 14 
to 18 years of age. Enquire of the Printer. 

March 9, 1807. Trenton Federalist. 



wanted. 

400 or 500 weight of good, well-dressed Flax, For which cash, 
at the market price, will be given. Inquire of the Printer. 

Trenton, Dec. 23, 1800. The Federalist. 

New Jersey Gazette. 

NEW JERSEY ABOLITION SOCIETY. 

A general meeting of the Xew Jersey Society for promoting the 
( Gradual Abolition of Slavery will be held at the Friends' Meeting 
House in Trenton on the fourth Wednesday, being the 28th day of 
September next. A general attendance of Representatives from the 
several district Meetings is requested. 

August [5, 1808. Trenton Federalist. 



WILLIAM J. LESLIE 

CLOCK & WATCH MAKER. 

[Not from London. Paris, or Boston, but a native of New Jersey.] 
Like other Patriots of the day. continues to offer his services to 
the Public for Love & Money, at the Old stand next door north of 
the Indian Queen Tavern, Trenton. With sincere acknowledg- 
ments for past favors he hopes for additional claims on his gratitude 
by his fellow-Jerseyman in the honor of whose service he is ever 

74 



ambitious to exert his energies. Being attached by nature and habit 
to the old fashioned way of living by eating and drinking, he feels 
disposed to accommodate his Country Friends with the Goods and 
Wares of his Manufactory, in exchange for many of those Comforts 
of Life with which the bounty of Providence has crowned their 
labours in the Early and latter Harvest. He has now on hand, 
devoted to the good of the People, 

The Following Articles : 

Gold Watches, plain and with day of the month. 
Silver Ditto, first quality. Gold Hands. 

Chime Clocks. Gilt Ditto. 

Plain Ditto, with mahogany. Cherry, and 1 'lack. Steel ditto. 
Walnut cases. Clock dials. 

Watch chains, seals and keys. 
Fuzee Chain Hooks and Chains. Watch glasses of all sizes from 

No. 8 to Xo. 40. 
Pendant and Bows. Clock ( hit. 

Eight Day forg'd work & Pinions. 
Alain Springs and Buttons. Eight Day Castings. 

The above goods are offered to the Public on moderate Terms : 
and though it may be unnecessary to multiply words in their favor, 
the Subscriber will just observe, that his (."locks and W'atches beside 
the mere use of informing their Possessors what o'-the-clock at 
Morn, Noon, or Evening, or through the "unguarded hours ot 
night" are excellent monitors to the sluggard and the drone, and 
those who kill time in idleness or dissipation. 

They also afford encouraging example to preserving industry, in 
exhibiting what may be performed by steady and unremitted toil. 

By them likewise the discreet Housewife is enabled so to time 
the Concerns of Domestic Economy, that all tilings may work 

75 



together for good, and the "Savory meal" be seasonably prepared 
for the "Mouth of the Labour" and to fill the hungry with good 
things. — Matters of high concern in preserving "harmony with 
family intercourse" without which "liberty and even life are but 
dreary things." 

Clocks and Watches cleaned and repaired on the Shortest Notice 
and in the best manner. All orders punctually executed, and every 
favour duly acknowledged. 

N. B. Wanted at the above mentioned Business, Two Appren- 
tices — Boys from the Country will be preferred. 

Trenton, January 28, 1805. From the Trenton Federalist. 
( A clock made by him is still standing in the Trenton Bank. 1916). 



CINCINNATI. 

The New Jersey State Society of Cincinnati hold their annual 
meeting on the 4th day of July next at Elizabeth Town, when an 
oration will be delivered by Colonel Ogden. 

Standing committee of Claims and Relief, Gens. Helme and 
Giles, Colonels Ogden, Beatty, and Rhea, Majors Ballard and 
Shuts. 

Committee of arangements : Col. Ogden, Majors Shuts and Hal- 
lard. 
June 19, 1809. Trenton Federalist. 



Trenton, May 12, 1801. 
Fourth of July — The Citizens of Trenton are requested to meet 
this (Tuesday) evening at the City Hotel, in order to make arrange- 
ments for the approaching Anniversary of American Independence. 



76 



TAVERN HOUSE 

TO LET. 

To be let, and possession given the ist of April next, that well- 
known Tavern, situate in the Main Street, Trenton, nearly opposite 
the Church now in the occupation of the Widow Harvey. 

For terms apply to Robert M'Neely in Trenton, or to the sub- 
scriber at Change Water, Sussex County, N. J. 

Robert C. Thompson. 
Feb. ist, 1808. Trenton Federalist. 

F. FITHIAN. 

Cabinet and Chair Maker, near the State House, Trenton, 
executes all orders in the way of his business, and constantly has 
for sale 

A Variety of Articles, 
Such as, Clock Cases, Bureaus, Card, Dining and Breakfast Tables, 
&c. Bedsteads, high and low posts, with many other articles. 
Country Produce taken in payment for the above articles at the 
market prices. 

Trenton. October 5, 1809. Trenton Federalist. 

TRENTON BREWERY. 

The Subscriber informs the Public that his Brewery, opposite 
the Methodist Meeting House in Trenton, is again in operation, 
where he has for sale 

Strong and Table Beer 
of the best quality and on reasonable terms. 

JOTIN Dorey. 
Trenton, October 14, 1809. Trenton Federalist. 

77 



JUST RECEIVED 



AND FOR SALIC. 



At P. Smiley's Store in Trenton, opposite Herbert's City Hotel, 
a fresh and general assortment of European and India Dry Goods, 
suitable to the approaching Season, which he is determined to sell 
upon the most reasonable terms for Cash. 

Trenton, October 16. i8o<). Trenton Federalist. 



Trenton Federalist, July 10, 1809. 

National Independence. The Fourth of July was observed in 
this place with the customary manifestations of joy. Military 
Parades, rural decorations of the dwellings of the Citizens, and 
festive parties Commemorated the important event which distin- 
guishes this in the History of our Country. 

The present auspicious appearance of our National Affairs con- 
trasted with the recent gloom which overspread our political 
horizon heightened the satisfaction experienced on the return of the 
Anniversary of National Independence. May peace and prosperity 
long continue to bless our land. 

A very general celebration of the Fourth of July appears to have 
taken place throughout the Country. 



We understand that the Rev. Dr. Staughton, of Burlington, is to 
preach in the Presbyterian Church this evening, at early candle- 
light. 

Trenton Federalist, 1809. 



78 



GIFFORD'S INN 

AT THE SIGN OF THE COLLEGE 
PRINCETON. 

Fifty-three miles from New York and 42 from Philadelphia. 

The subscriber, who has lately succeeded Mr. David Godwin, in 
the long established and far-famed house of entertainment, respect- 
fully solicits the continued favors of its former friends, and the 
patronage of the public in general, who may rely on finding a larder 
and bar at all times liberally provided with every requisite to cheer 
the outward, and gladden the inward man. 

If a plentiful board, generous liquor, warm tires, and clean beds, 
be allurements that may induce the benighted and way-worn traveller 
to stop at his inn, the subscriber is emboldened to promise that no 
reasonable person will have cause to regret, or go away dissatisfied, 
as no attention on his part shall be wanting to welcome the coming 
and speed the departing guest. 

"The traveller who shapes his way 

Thro' heal and cold, thro' thick and thin ; 

Secure shall meet all times of daw 
Kind treatment at the College Inn. 

Excellent stabling, attentive, sober hostlers, and every usual 
appurtenant to a well resorted public house, may be depended upon, 
from the public's humble servant. 
April 28, 1800. John Gifforu. 



79 



THE BALLAD OF DANIEL BRAY. 

BY JOSEPH FULFORD FOLSOM. 



The Delaware, with stately sweep, 

Flows seaward as when armies fought ; 
But they who struck for freedom sleep 

Beneath the soil their valor bought. 
At Rosemont, inland, Daniel Bray, 

In lonely grave, with rest hard won, 
Awaits his country's voice to say : 

"He brought the boats to Washington." 



II 



At Trenton lay the Hessian host, 

Pluming their pride with gay parade ; 
They thought the freeman's cause was lost, 

And hoped his last brave stand was made ; 
But safe on Pennsylvania's shore, 

The Master Patriot aimed the blow 
Which ever in the nation's lore 

Shall mark oppression's overthrow 



80 



Ill 

To Captain Bray on Kingwood height 

A horseman sped by field and brake. 
Till on his door, at dead of night. 

He knocked, and bade the soldier wake. 
A hasty mount, a quick farewell. 

And then miles down the frozen track. 
Like musket shots the hoof-beats fell. 

While Mary slept and dreamed him back. 

IV 

Down Stony Batter Hill they sped, 

Across Duck's Flat; then up the slopes 
To Rittenhouse (where slept the dead) 

Their coursers climbed with steadier lopes 
The ten-mile creek is left behind. 

Gilboa's slant is swiftly run ; 
At Coryell's the inn they find. 

And, waiting them, great Washington. 

V 

Bray heard that hour the General say: 

"Seize all the boats from Easton down. 
And guard them safe, by night and daw 

Until we cross to take the town." 
The echoes of a noble voice 

Rode with him from that meeting place — 
Blunt praise that made his soul rejoice. 

And spurred his zeal to quicker pace. 



Si 



VI 



Ere gray dawn paled o'er Hunterdon, 

A circuit ranged he twelve miles wide, 
For brave Gearheart of Flemington, 

And Johnes of Amwell countryside. 
They foiled the Tory's cunningness, 

Disguised in hunter's garb uncouth. 
And pierced the Jersey wilderness. 

From Rineoes to the Lehigh's mouth. 



VII 

Then downward on the Delaware, 

By night they drove their project bold. 
Naught but the planet's wintry stare 

To cheer them in the bitter cold. 
December's slashing wind cut keen 

O'er ice-cakes massed in frosty grip ; 
And longside, in the dusky sheen, 

They watched the chill black waters slip. 

VIII 

Beneath the river's gloomy banks, 

And where the friendly ferry plied, 
The craft were seized with scanty thanks, 

And launched upon the swirling tide: 
Through eddies deep, and rapids swift, 

They guided sure their precious fleet ; 
Minding the rock and treacherous rift, 

And creeks where angry currents meet. 



82 



IX 

No hostile shot disturbed the verge, 

Where ghostly woods loomed drear and dark 
No voice, except the hound's sad dirge. 

Or, far away, the wolf's gruff bark ; 
But sometimes 'cross the distant slope, 

A farmhouse shed its candle ray. 
And warmed the wand'rer's heart with hope 

Of fireside joys and freedom's day. 



X 

The river's speech is low and weird. 

It bears no tales of deeds long past ; 
But Bray, ere morning light appeared, 

His boats by Malta Isle made fast ; 
And on that famous Christmas night, 

They bore the heroes o'er the tide. 
Who broke the spell of Britain's might. 

And flung the Hessian mob aside. 

XI 

The Delaware shall ever flow 

Through sacred soil, forever free, 
And every home-born child shall know 

The tale of Trenton's victory : 
And till the stars shall cease to shed 

Their light o'er hilly Hunterdon, 
Of Daniel Bray it shall be said: 

"He brought the boats to Washington." 

— Joseph Fit! ford Folsom. 

83 



AN OLD POEM ABOUT THE BATTLE OF TRENTON. 

Among the papers of the late Stephen Congar, first City Super- 
intendent of the Newark Schools, there has been found a collection 
of "The Young Men's Celebration" programs, extending over a 
decade or more. The odes to be sung were printed, and were used 
by the Audience. In the 1841 Celebration two were distinctively 
New Jersey pieces. One was the following-, and was sung to the 
tune of "Lutzow's Wild Hunt" ; its Author is not known — it was 
entitled : 

THE BATTLE OF TRENTON. 

They cross the dark river. 
They mount the steep height. 

Through dell and ravine they are stealing ; 
And the desolate blast of a wintry night 
The dirge of the Hessians .is pealing. 

In storm and tempest they march to the fray — 

'Tis the band of freedom in battle array. 

I Jehold, the gray dawn of the morning appears ; 

This day shall resound in story : 
Around their bright flag the bald eagle careers. 

And Washington leads them to glory, 
"Death to the foe" 'tis their battle cry. 
"< >n the plains of Trenton we'll conquer or die." 

The blast of the bugle resounds through the sky. 

And wildly the war drum is beating ; 
They rush to the combat — the enemy fly — 

Huzza see the Hessians retreating 
"On, Comrade, on" — to each other they say. 
"For the flag of Freedom shall triumph today." 

84 



While roll the dark waves of the foaming sea. 

While stand the broad granite mountains, 
And green are the leaflets on Liberty's tree 

And bright are her sparkling fountains; 
Shall pass this story from sire to son 
.On the plains of Trenton, the battle was won. 



WILLIAM LIVINGSTON 

WAR GOVERNOR 

and 

WILLIAM FRAN KLIN LOYALIST. 

Governor Franklin, was a son of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. He 
was the last Royal Governor of New Jersey, and was considered 
disloyal to the Country and was deposed- — 

"The Assembly was prorogued on the 20th of May. 1775. to 
meet on the 20th of June following; but affairs had now reached 
a crisis, and Governor Franklin never communicated with that body 
again. 

Three days after the prorogation, the first Provincial Congress 
of New Jersey commenced their sessions at Trenton, and the royal 
government soon ceased to exist. A Constitution was adopted in 
July, 1776. and William Livingston, a member of the first Conti- 
nental Congress, became FTanklin's successor." 

(From American Loyalists During the Revolution, by Lorenzo 
Sabine. ) 

J I N X II-: J ACKSON W KG) UM. 

Jinnie Jackson lived in Lamberton, she married Abraham Wag 
lum — their residence was on the bank of the Delaware river, where 

8$ 



they kept a house of entertainment for the persons who crossed the 
old ferry, and others. She was a friend of Mrs. Ann Richmond, 
wife of Jonathan Richmond, the barrack-master for the American 
Army. 

Jonathan Richmond kept the True American Inn, his house was 
the headquarters of General Washington while in Trenton, and while 
Jinnie Jackson was visiting here she offered her services to conduct 
the troops to Princeton — General Washington accepted the offer for 
her to guide himself and the American Army — Arrayed in a man's 
hat and coat, Jinnie rode at the head of the Army, and guided them 
through the woods by Sandtown and Quaker Bridge, and they ar- 
rived safely in Princeton the night before the engagement with the 
British troops. 

The Jackson family came from Ireland many years before the 
American Revolution. The Jacksons were very wealthy and pur- 
chased considerable property near Allentown. 

Mrs. Waglum, nee Jinnie Jackson, left no descendants ; her 
sister Sarah married a Mr. Swangler, and their daughter Jane, or 
Jinnie, married John Ashmore, from whom the Ashmores of Tren- 
ton are descended. 

From Raums History of New Jersey, pg. 18, Vol. II. 

In the "Life of General Mercer," by John T. Goolrick, pg. 51, 
it says : A woman guided the Continental Army on that march 
beset with so many perils & difficulties, etc. 

GENERAL ZEBULON MONTGOMERY PIKE. 

A distinguished American General, born Jan. 5, 1779, died 181 3, 
at York, Canada. A tablet was placed on St. Michael's Church (by 
a friend) in his honor. 

The Pike family settled at Woodbury, Middlesex Co., N. J., in 
1699, where the name of Capt. John Pike appears on the original 
Patent, and he was a member of the Governor's Council. Zebulon 

86 



Pike, Gen. Pike's father, moved with his family from Trenton to 
Bucks Co., Penn. They lived at Lumberton, in Solebury township, 
in a frame building which was taken down in 1835. 

JOHN FITCH. 

The inventor of the Steam-boat, was born in Windsor, Connec- 
ticut, Jan, 21, 1743. Son of a farmer, at one time he was in the 
business of Clock making, he was a brass founder, and made brass 
and silver buttons for peddling. He carried on the business of a 
Silver-smith at Trenton, when the British Army entered the town 
in 1776. He was at that time repairing American Arms, and had 
in his employ 60 men. The British destroyed his shop and captured 
the arms, and he fled to Penn. He joined the Army, and was with 
Washington at Valley Forge. His first trial practice of his inven- 
tion of Steam Navigation took place in Aug. 1787. He died in 
Kentucky in 1798. 

Robert Fulton afterward in 1804 proved Steam Navigation to be 
a success. 

GENERAL WASHINGTON'S ENTRANCE INTO TRENTON 

on his way to New York to be inaugurated first President of the 

United States. 

George Washington with his party arrived at Colvin's Ferry 
house (now Morrisville) at two o'clock in the afternoon, and Pat- 
rick Colvin ferried them across the river. At the Trenton Landing 
near the tavern of Rensselaer Williams the party was met by Gen- 
eral Philemon Dickinson, Major Richard Howell, afterwards 
Governor of the State, Rev. James F. Armstrong, Chief Justice 
David Brearley, Dr. Israel Smith, and other leading citizens of 
Trenton. 

8/ 



Capt. Bernard Hanlon's battery fired a salute, and the troop of 
horse, commanded by Captain Isaac Carle, the light infantry com- 
panies of Capt. Hainor, Capt. Munn, Capt. Abram Claypool & Capt. 
Albemarle Collins formed the escorting column into the village of 
Trenton. 

General Washington and his suite here mounted horses prepared 
for them, and in this manner proceeded up the Ferry Road, and 
thence toward the bridge over the Assunpink Creek, where the 
Matrons and young ladies of the village had superintended the 
erection of a beautiful arch. 

Description of Arch as copied from the Columbian Magazine for 
May, 1789, printed for James Trenchard at Philadelphia by Trench- 

ard and Stewart. It contains a contribution from this city under 
date of April 25, 1789, and signed "P. Q." telling of Washington's 
visit to Trenton a few days before, also an illustration of the Arch 
under which he rode during his Reception. The letter follows: 

"Inclosed you have a view ot the triumphal Arch which was 
erected and decorated by the ladies of Trenton, on the 21st instant, 
in honor of his Excellency General Washington, who passed through 
this place on that day on his way to New York to take upon him- 
self the administration of the government of the United States." 

"This Arch was erected in the centre of the bridge which ex- 
tends across Assunpink Creek, at the entrance of Trenton, where 
our gallant General at one time, made so noble a coup on the 
enemies of his country; and, at another, so important a stand, and 
a retreat worth more than a victory. 

"The Arch was 18 feet high. 15 feet in breadth, and 10 in length, 
supported by thirteen pillars entwined with wreaths of laurel. The 
roof was interwoven with laurels and evergreens. On the front 
was inscribed in large golden letters 'The Defender of the Mothers 
Will also protect their Daughters.' 

88 



"Over this, in the center of the Arch, on a square, ornamented 
with festoons of evergreens decorated with flowers, was the date 
of his glorious victory at this place, when 900 Hessians were made 
prisoners, and the horizon of American affairs enlightened by a 
radiance which never again forsook it. On the summit of the Arch 
a large sunflower as always pointing to the sun, was designed to 
express this motto : 'To You Alone.' 

"The circle of the Arch, both above and below the inscription, 
was ornamented with wreaths of evergreens, interwoven with arti- 
ficial flowers of every kind, which made a most beautiful appear- 
ance. A large festoon of flowers likewise hung from the inner 
circle of the Arch, and gave the whole a finished air of grandeur. 

"The ladies had arranged themselves in the footway on one side 
of the street, between the Arch and the town, witli their daughters 
in front, to a Aery considerable number, all dressed in white, and 
decorated with wreaths and chaplets of flowers ; six of whom held 
baskets of flowers in their hands. As soon as the General had 
passed under the Arch the little choristers advanced, singing the 
following sonata, composed for the occasion : 

Welcome, mighty Chief! once more 

Welcome to this grateful shore — 
Now no mercenary foe 

Aims again the hostile blow, — 
Aims at thee the fatal blow. 

Virgins fair and matrons grave, 

Those thy conqu'ring arms did save, 
They for thee triumphal bow'rs 

Build, and strew thy way with flowers- 
Build for thee triumphal bowers. 

And strew their hero's way with flowers. 

— Composed by Major Richard Howell. 

89 



"As they sung the last lines they strewed the flowers before the 
general, who halted till the sonata was finished. Being presented 
with a copy of the sonata, his excellency was pleased to address the 
following words to the ladies. (Here follows Washington's address 
which has often been printed:) 

"Thus, then, we see, that though the gentlemen may meet their 
beloved general with peals of thunder, and honor him with all the 
pompous parade of war, it yet remains for the ladies to meet their 
defender with sentiment, and touch the tender feelings of the hero's 
heart. "P. Q." 

As this letter was written only three days after Washington's 
visit, it is reasonable to suppose that the ode as it appears in the 
letter was copied from original manuscript. It differs somewhat 
from the usual version of it. 

Later in the day a Reception and Dinner was tendered him by 
the people of Trenton, at the City Tavern. Late in the afternoon 
he took a carriage to Princeton, and is supposed to have stayed at 
the residence of the President of the College overnight. Rev. Dr. 
John Witherspoon. Mr. Armstrong accompanied him on the trip. 

Dr. Godfrey of the Adjutant General's department came across 
this magazine for May, 1789, in the Congressional Library at Wash- 
ington. 

The matrons who assembled at the house of James Ewing, (now 
the south-west corner of Broad & Lafayette Streets,) and who 
took charge of the ceremonies at the arch : 

Mrs. Susannah Armstrong, wife of Rev. James F. Armstrong. 

Mrs. Mary Borden, widow of Captain Joseph Borden, Jr. 

Mrs. Susannah Calhoun, wife of Alexander Calhoun. She was 
the daughter of John Chambers, of Trenton, and died in the same 
house in which she was born, on the Pennington Road. 

Mrs. Esther Cox, wife of Colonel John Cox, of Bloomsbury 
farms, and daughter of Francis and Rachel Bowes. 

90 



Mrs. Mary Dickinson, wife of General Philemon Dickinson, who 
married, first, Mary Cadwalader, and afterwards her sister, Rebecca. 
These ladies were the daughters of Dr. Thomas Cadwalader, who 
married Hannah, daughter of Thomas Lambert. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Ewing, wife of James Ewing. 

Mr. Ewing was a very prominent citizen of Trenton, and held 
many offices of trust under Congress. He was the father of Chief 
Justice Charles Ewing. 

Mrs. Sarah Furman, wife of Moore Furman. He was Deputy 
Quartermaster General of New Jersey during the Revolutionary 
War. Mrs. Furman was the eldest daughter of Townsend White, 
of Philadelphia, and was married in that city in Christ Church. 

Mrs. Susannah Gordon, wife of Peter Gordon. He was con- 
nected with the Quartermaster's Department during the Revolu- 
ionary War, and held the office of Treasurer of the State. His wife 
was the sister of Abraham Hunt, of Trenton. 

Mrs. Mary Hanna, wife of Rev. John Hanna. 

Mrs. Sarah How, wife of Micajah How, who was one of the 
judges of the Court of Common Pleas, and at one time was High 
Sheriff under the Colonial Government. 

Mrs. Keziah B. Howell, wife of Richard Howell, who was 
Governor of New Jersey from 1793 — 1801. 

Mrs. Mary Hunt, wife of Abraham Hunt. She was Miss Mary 
Dagworthy, daughter of Sheriff Dagworthy. She was very patri- 
otic and was the leader of every organization for furnishing sup- 
plies for the sick and wounded soldiers. She married the rich 
merchant, Abraham Hunt, who was for a long time Postmaster of 
the village. She died April 4, 1814, at the age of 66 years. 

Mrs. Esther Lowrey, wife of Colonel Thomas Lowrey, of Flem- 
ington. She was the daughter of Samuel Fleming who founded the 
village of Flemington. He was distinguished as a patriot and a 

91 



soldier. He was also a member of the Provincial Congress of New 
Jersey in 1775. 

Mrs. Sarah Milnor, wife oi Joseph Milnor. She was the 
daughter of Joseph Higbee, Sr. Her husband was a prominent 
merchant of Trenton. 

Mrs. Anna Richmond, wife of Jonathan Richmond. She was 
the sister of Captain Albemarle Collins, a gallant soldier of the war. 
Her husband held the position of Barrack Master of the American 
Army, and was Inn Keeper on Mill Hill, where General Washington 
had his headquarters, Jan. 2. 1777. She was very patriotic. 

Mrs. Mary Smith, wife of Isaac Smith. Her husband was Col- 
onel of the First Regiment of Hunderton County Militia, and was 
Justice of the Supreme Court, and President of the Trenton Bank- 
ing Company. He was a physician by profession. 

Mrs. Rachel Stevens, wife of Colonel Stevens, who served in 
the Hunterdon County Militia during the War. In 1777 he was 
made Treasurer of the State. She was the daughter of John Cox, 
of Bloomsbury. 

Mrs. Annis Stockton, widow of Richard Stockton. She was 
.Miss Annis Boudinot, sister of Hon. Elias Boudinot, who was 
President of the Continental Congress, and of Judge Elisha Boudi- 
not of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. She was literary, patri- 
otic, and pious. Her husband was born in Princeton, Oct. 1, 1730, 
and was one of the "Signers." 

Mrs. Catherine Stockton, wife of Samuel William Stockton, and 
daughter of John Cox. He was at one time Secretary of State of 
Xew Jersey. 

Mrs. Jane Tate, wife of Dr. James Tate, of Newtown. Penna. 
She was Miss Jane Keith, and was celebrated for her beauty. 

Mrs. Grace W r oodrufT, daughter of Colonel Thomas Lowrey, of 
Flemington. She married Aaron Dickinson Woodruff Sept. 14. 
1786. Air. Woodruff was a graduate of Princeton College in 177*;. 

92 



and held the office of Attorney General of the State for twenty- 
four years. He was a counselor of great professonal ability, and 
great integrity. 

With these matrons were thirteen young ladies representing the 
several states. The following are supposed to be the ones who 
engaged in the celebration at the Arch. 

r. Miss Eleanor Armstrong, who afterward married Chief Jus- 
tice Charles Ewing, in the year 1803. 

2. Miss Elizabeth Borden, of Bordentown 

3. Miss Elizabeth Cadwalader, sister of General John Cadwal- 
ader. 

4. Miss Catherine Calhoun, daughter of Alexander Calhoun. 

5. Miss Eliz. Cox, daughter of Colonel John Cox. of Blooms- 
bury Farms. 

6. Miss Sarah Cox, daughter of Colonel John Cox. 

7. Miss Mary Dickinson, daughter of General Philemon Dick- 
inson. 

8. Miss Maria Eurman, daughter of Moore Furman. Her 
father was Adjutant General of the State in 1804. 

9. Miss Mary C. Keen, daughter of Jacob Keen, of Trenton, a 
gallant soldier. • 

10. Miss Mary Lowrey, daughter of Colonel Thomas Lowrey, oi 
Flemington. 

11. Miss Maria Meredith, daughter of Samuel Meredith, of 
Philadelphia. He was a major in the Revolutionary War. and was 
the first treasurer of the United States. 

12. Miss Sarah Moore, daughter of Nathaniel Moore, of Tren- 
ton. Her father lived at the landing at Beatty's Ferry. 

13. Miss Margaret Tate, sister of Dr. James Tate, of Newtown. 
Penna. 

93 



The six little girls who sang the ode of welcome to General 
Washington were : 

1. Miss Sarah Airy. 

2. Miss Jemima Broadhurst. 

3. Miss Eliz. Collins, daughter of Isaac Collins. Her mother 
was the great grand-daughter of Mahlon Stacy. 

4. Miss Sarah How, daughter of Micajah How. 

5. Miss Sarah B. Howell, daughter of Major Richard Howell. 

6. Miss Elizabeth Milnor, daughter of Joseph Milnor. 

The Arch was in the possession of the Misses Armstrong for a 
number of vears, then it was sent to the Centennial Fair in Phila- 
delphia, and was afterward placed in Independence Hall, but has 
been returned to Trenton, and a portion of it is now placed in the 
Battle Monument. 

MAHLON STACY. 

Mahlon Stacy, with Thomas Lambert and many other families 
of note, came in the good ship The "Shield" of Stockton from Hull, 
and arrived in Burlington in December, 1678. 

This ship was the first to come so far up the Delaware. Mah- 
lon Stacy came to the Falls of the Delaware, probably in 1679. 
He dates a letter to friends in England — The Falls of the Delaware, 
26th of the fourth month 1680. 

He lived in a log house near what is now ("Woodlawn") and 
built his grist mill of hewn logs the same year, on the south bank 
of the Assunpink Creek. He held nearly every office of profit and 
trust in the Province — and was an influential and faithful Member 
of the Society of Friends. In 1697 he was a member of the House, 
signer as a Quaker Member to uphold the interests of the King, 
^e was Commissioner in 1681-1682. — Member of Assembly in 
1682, 1683, T684. and 1685. 

94 



He was also a Member of Council in 1682 and 1683. In 1683, 
1684, and 1685, he was an Indian Land Commissioner, and in 1683 
was selected to write to the Members of the Society of Friends in 
London, describing the condition of the new settlement. As a Jus- 
tice he sat in the 1st 10th in 1685, and continuously remained on 
the Burlington Bench, as his Majesty's Justice from May, [695, to 
May, 1 701. He died in February, 1704. 



THE FAMILY OF STACY OR STACYE. 

Mahlon Stacy is said to be descended from Stacy De-Belleville, 
a French officer, who accompanied William the Conqueror to Eng- 
land in 1066, and in consideration of his services was presented 
with an estate which still remains in the family. This family of 
Stacy or Stacye is found in the vicinity of Sheffield, in Yorkshire. 
One Stacye of Sheffield had three sons ; John, of Ballifield, in the 
parish of Hansworth, and County of York, Gent. (Ancestor of 
Mahlon Stacy, of Burlington Co.) — Richard, and Mahlon Stacye, 
Esq,. Lord of the Manor of Owlerton in the Parish of Sheffield 
and County of York, Thomas Revell afterwards "Secretary Regis- 
trar, and Keeper of the Rolls of the Province of West New Jersey," 
was, through his mother Alice Stacy, a descendant of this Mahlon 
Stacye. When the ship "Shield" arrived opposite Burlington, Dec. 
1678, it had among its passengers Thomas Revell and family, his 
sister Elizabeth (who married Anthony Elton later 1. and their 
Cousin Mahlon Stacy and his family. 

Mahlon Stacy later (1680) records the birth of his daughter 
Ruth at "Ballifield House at the falls in West New Jersey." His 
wife was Rebecca Ely, and they had one son, and five daughters. 
Mahlon, their son, married Sarah Bainbridge. Mary married 
Reuben Pownel. Sarah married Jos. Kirkbride, Rebecca married 

95 



Joshua Wright and afterwards Thomas Potts. Elizabeth married 
Amos Jannev, and Ruth married William Beakes. 

As copied from Chesterfield, Monthly Meeting Minute Book, 
twelfth month 2nd — 1687. "It is aggreed by this Meeting that the 
Granery to receive the supply, for the Poore be continued for 
another yeare, Mahlon Stacy being willing to Lend us a Garner to 
Lay it in at his Mills for that time." 

ARMS OF STACYE FAMILY. 

Azure, on a fess between three falcons close, or ; as many fleur- 
De-lis of the first ; Crest, a dexter arm couped at the elbow, habited 
azure. Cuff Argent, charged with three bezants, and holding in the 
hand, ppr. a fleur-De-lis, or. 

WILLIAM YARD. 

William Yard, the Ancestor of the Yard family, came from 
Devonshire in England, and settled first in Philadelphia. He had 
four sons. With two of his sons he came to Trenton to reside. 

The Yard interests in Trenton date from the purchase of Wil- 
liam, Sr., William, Jr., and Joseph Yard, who in 1712, bought Mah- 
lon Stacy's land on Front St. They bought about two acres lying 
on both sides of Front Street, between Warren and Broad Streets. 

Joseph Yard lived on the northwest corner of Front and Broad 
Streets in a frame house. William Yard, the other son, lived with 
his father on Front Street. 

WILL I A M TRENT. 

William Trent was of an ancient Scotch family, emigrating from 
Inverness. Young in life, with his brother James, he settled in Phil- 

96 



adelphia about 1682 and lived in the Slate Roof House on Second 
Street, which had been William Penn's Mansion, the most elegant 
in the City. 

He was identified with the Quakers in his business, being a large 
wholesale and retail Merchant, was a ship owner in partnership 
with William Penn, and his partner, James Logan. He was a mem- 
ber of the- Provincial Council of Pennsylvania during 1703-2 1. and 
was a Member of the Assembly in 1710-1715 and 1719, serving 
during the last term as Speaker of the House and was first pre- 
siding Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. 

He had good sound common sense, and excellent judgment, and 
is spoken of as being universally beloved, as an intellectual, and 
Christian gentleman. Although interested in the Quakers, he was 
a Church of England man, having associated himself with Christ 
Church. Philadelphia, as an Active Member. He settled in Trenton 
several years after having bought property here in 171 4. William 
Trent represented Burlington County in the Assembly, and was 
made Speaker of the House in September, 1723 Soon after this 
he was appointed first Chief Justice of the Colony, holding this office 
until his death, at his estate in Trenton on December 25th, 1 724. 
(Smith's History, p. 419). 

William Trent, Jr., Son of Chief Justice Trent, and Alary Cod- 
dington (his 2nd wife) was horn in Philadelphia. Me was a fur 
trader, and enjoyed the confidence of the Indians. 

James Trent was a son of William Trent, Sr., and Mary Burg 
(his first wife 1. In 1726 the Legislative Assembly granted to 
James Trent the exclusive use of the River Delaware, for a ferry 
two miles above, and two miles below the "Falls." 

BEAKES FAMILY. 

Quaker records show that William Beakes, of Bachwell, Somer- 
setshire, England, married Mary Wall, of Olverstone, March. 1661, 

97 



and after many years of persecution for his religion, he emigrated 
in December, 1682, to America. He died intestate in Bucks County, 
Pennsylvania, in 1687. His widow, who died in 1695, willed all the 
estate here to her four sons, William, Stephen, Samuel, and Abra- 
ham. William 2nd married 1st — Elizabeth Worrilow in 1690, and 
had two sons, William and Edmund. 

In 1705, he married his second wife, Ruth Stacy, daughter of 
Mahlon Stacy, and had sons, Nathan, and Stacy, and daughter Sarah 
(Potts) He died in 1711. — His son Stacy married Mary Picker- 
dike, and died in Trenton in 1746. — Had daughters Lydia, Ruth, 
and Mary, mentioned in his Will, and an only son, Stacy Beakes, 
who married Mary Ann Yard. ( He died in 1800, and she in 1784.) 

Some of the family left Trenton and moved to New York State, 
in Orange County, (at what is now Middletown) in 1771. Stacy 
Beakes' Will dated June 25th, 1800, probated July 2, 1800, Gives 
all lands in Huntington County, New Jersey, to Mary Ann Murray, 
Stacy and Joseph, children of his first wife — second wife Rhoda, 
Her children Mahlon, Agnes, Ruth and Martha. — The Will of the 
second William Beakes leaves to his son Edmond (the plantation in 
New York) later it seems to have been owned by Nathan and his 
descendants. The Peakes name became extinct in this branch. 

The first William Peakes was a Member of the Penn. Assembly, 
until 1687, when he died. 

Nathan Peakes, son of William Peakes 2nd and Ruth ( Stacy) 
Beakes, married Mary Trent, daughter of William Trent 2nd, and 
from whom the Rossell family of Trenton were descended. 

CADWALADER FAMILY. 

John Cadwalader came from Wales to Philadelphia in 1699, 
from 1718-1733, he was one of its Councilmen. 

Thomas Cadwalader, son of John, was a Physician, studied in 
London, and was one of the Founders of the Philadelphia Library. 

98 



He afterward settled in Trenton, and when in 1746, it was organ- 
ized as a borough, he was elected its first Chief Burgess. In 1750. 
he gave £500 to found a public library for Trenton. He was one 
of the founders of the Pennsylvania Hospital — and belonged to the 
Royal Medical Society of Edinburg and London. 

He was a large land-holder, as we may judge, from his offering 
for sale, at one time, nine hundred acres of Woodland, seven hun- 
dred acres on the Delaware, and twenty-five acres of meadow land, 
all about two miles above Trenton. He married Hannah, daughter 
of Thomas Lambert, Jr., of Trenton. Their daughter Mary, was first 
wife of Major Philemon Dickinson, and their daughter Margaret 
was wife of Brig. Gen. Samuel Meredith, who was in the Battle 
of Princeton, lie was a Member of the Pennsylvania Assembly 
from 1778-1783, a Member of the Continental Congress, and Treas- 
urer of the United States from 1782-1801. Col. Lambert Cadwala- 
der was son of Dr. Thomas Cadwalader. He was Colonel of the 
Third Penn. Battalion in the Continental Army October 25th, 1776. 
He, with Colonel Ramsey, of Maryland, made a gallant resistance 
lo the Assault of the British, at Fort Washington, but was obliged 
to surrender. Col. Cadwalader was paroled, and retired to his es- 
tate at Trenton. He was in the Continental Congress from 1784- 
1787, also a member of the federal House of Representatives from 
1789-1791, and again from 1792-1795. He married in [793 .Mary, 
daughter of Archibald McCall. He died September 13th. 1823, 
aged 82. 

Thomas Cadwalader, son of Col. Lambert, owned and resided 
on the paternal estate, on the River Road, which he greatly im- 
proved, and occupied it as his Country Seat. His daughter Mary 
married the distinguished physician and author, Dr. S. Weir .Mitchell, 
of Philadelphia. His son, Richard McCall, married Christine. 
daughter of J. Williams Biddle. He died October 22nd, 1873. aged 
79 years, and is buried in the Friends' burying ground at Princeton. 

99 



Gen. John Cadwalader, son of Dr. Thomas and brother of Col. 
Lambert, was a warm and devoted friend of General Washington. 
He died in Maryland, aged 44 years, in 1796. He was in Command 
of the division of Washington's army stationed at Bristol, with the 
design of crossing there, and co-operating with Washington in his 
attack on the British at Trenton Dec. 26th, 1776. This the ice pre- 
vented him from doing, but he crossed the next day and was with 
Washington when a week afterward he retreateed before the Su- 
perior number of Lord Cornwallis, across the Assunpink, — where, 
eluding the vigilance of his enemy, he achieved the brilliant victory 
of Princeton. He was also in the battles of Brandywine, German- 
town, and Monmouth. His daughter Elizabeth married Archibald 
McCall, and he had his Country place here, now Cadwalader Park. 

FOUNDER OF LAMBERTON. 

Thomas Lambert, of Hansworth, Yorkshire, England, a sensible 
and worthy man of large fortune, and a Member of the Society of 
Friends. — He settled at Lamberton (so called from him) now a 
part of Trenton. 



100 



ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S SPEECHES 

BEFORE THE NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE, FEBRUARY 2IST, l86l. 



Mr. President and Gentlemen of the 

Senate of the State of New Jersey : 

"I am very grateful to you for the honorable reception of which 
I have been the object. I cannot but remember the place that New 
Jersey holds in our early history. In the early Revolutionary 
struggle few of the states among the Old Thirteen had more of 
the battle-fields of the country within their limits than old New 
Jersey. May I be pardoned if, upon this occasion, I mention that 
away back in my childhood, the earliest days of my being able to 
read, I got hold of a small book, such a one as few of the younger 
members have ever seen — "Weem's Life of Washington." I re- 
member all the accounts there given of the battle-fields and strug- 
gles for liberties of the country, and none fixed themselves upon 
my imagination so deeply as the struggle here in Trenton, New 
Jersey. The crossing of the river; the contest with the Hessians: 
the great hardship endured at that time, all fixed themselves on my 
memory more than any single Revolutionary event; and you all 
know, for you have all been boys, how these early impressions last 
longer than others. I recollect thinking then, boy even though I was. 
that there must have been something more than common that these 
men struggled for. I am exceedingly anxious that that thing winch 
they struggled for ; that something even more than national inde- 
pendence ; that something that held out a great promise to all the 
people of the world to all time to come— I am exceedingly anxious 
that this Union, the constitution, and the liberties of the people 
shall be perpetuated in accordance with the original idea for which 

101 



that struggle was made, and I shall be most happy indeed if I shall 
be an humble instrument in the hands of the Almighty — for per- 
petuating the object of that great struggle. 

You give me this reception, as I understand, without distinction 
of party. I learn that this body is composed of a majority of 
gentlemen who, in the exercise of their best judgment in the 
choice of a chief magistrate, did not think I was the man. I under- 
stand nevertheless, that they came forward here to greet me as the 
constitutional president of the United States — as citizens of the 
United States to meet the man who. for the time being, is the rep- 
resentative man of the nation — united by a purpose to perpetuate 
the Union and liberties of the people. As such, I accept this re- 
ception more gratefully than I could do did I believe it was ten- 
dered to me as an individual. 

Before the house, Lincoln said : 
"Mr. Speaker and Gentlemen : 

"I have just enjoyed the honor of a reception by the other 
branch of this legislature, and I return to you and them my thanks 
for the reception which the people of New Jersey have given 
through their chosen representatives to me as the representative, 
for the time being, of the majesty of the people of the United 
States. I appropriate to myself very little of the demonstration of 
respect with which 1 have been greeted. I think little should be 
given to any man, but that it should be a manifestation of adherence 
to the Union and the constitution. 

"I understand myself to be received here by the representatives 
of the people of New Jersey, a majority of whom differ in opinion 
from those with whom I have acted. This manisfestation is, there- 
fore, to be regarded by me as expressing their devotion to the 
Union, the constitution, and the liberties of the people. 

"You, Mr. Speaker, have well said that this is a time when the 
bravest and wisest look with doubt and awe upon the aspect pre- 

I02 



sented by our national affairs. Under these circumstances, you 
will readily see why I should not speak in detail of the course I 
shall deem it best to pursue. 

"It is proper that I should avail myself of all the information 
and all the time at my command, in order that when the time ar- 
rives in which I must speak officially, I shall be able to take the 
ground which I deem the best and safest, and from which I may 
have no occasion to swerve. I shall endeavor to take the ground 
I deem most just to the north, the east, the west, the south, and the 
whole country. I take it, I hope, in good temper, certainly with no 
malice towards any section. I shall do all that may be in my power 
to promote a peaceful settlement of all our difficulties. The man 
does not live who is more devoted to peace than I am. None who 
would do more to preserve it, but it may be necessary to put the 
foot down firmly. And if I do my duty and do right, you will 
sustain me, will you not? 

"Received, as I am, by the members of a legislature, the ma- 
jority of who do not agree with me in political sentiments, I trust 
that I may have their assistance in piloting the ship of state through 
this voyage, surrounded by perils as it is ; for if it should suffer 
wreck now, there will be no pilot ever needed for another voyage. 

"Gentlemen, I have already spoken longer than I intended, and 
must beg to stop here." 



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